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Midaxillary line
Runs downward from the apex of the axilla.
Scapular line
Drawn vertically through the inferior angle of the
scapula.
The heart is demarcated by:
A point 9 cm to the left of the midsternal line (apex
of the heart)
The seventh right sternocostal articulation
The upper border of the third right costal cartilage
1 cm from the right sternal line
The lower border of the second left costal cartilage
2.5 cm from the left lateral sternal line.
Pulmonary valve
Upper level of 3rd left
costal cartilage
Aortic valve
At the level of 3rdcostal cartilage,
medial and below the pulmonary
valve
Mitral valve (left AV valve)
4th costal cartilage