Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Measuring in the time-domain

Introduction to oscilloscopes

Outline:
 the analog oscilloscope (fundamentals)
 the digital oscilloscope (all this „bit“ stuff)
 questions and answers
 practice (it‘s your turn, open end....)

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

How do scopes look like

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Why using Scopes instead of Pointing Meters

or Digital Meters?

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

2011, april 15th

 Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

What is a oscilloscope?
> An oscilloscope is a electronic measurement device that allows to optically display
unindependant voltages in a two-dimensional coordinate system.
> Usually, the (horizontal) X-axis corresponds to the time and the voltages are
displayed at the Y-axis.

Oscillum - Schwingen (lat.)

amplitude Skopein - anschauen (griech.)

time

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Types and models

> Cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO)

> Dual-beam oscilloscope
> Analog storage oscilloscope
> Digital oscilloscopes
> Digital storage oscilloscope
> Digital sampling oscilloscopes
> Digital phosphor oscilloscopes
> Mixed-signal oscilloscopes
> Handheld oscilloscopes
> PC-based oscilloscopes (PCO)

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

The heart of a scope:

Braun‘s tube

1: Heater and Cathode

2: Wehnelt Karl Ferdinand Braun
3: electron optics
1850 – 1918
4: Anode
5: Deflection plates 1897 invention of his tube
6: Screen
1909 Nobel price
7: Beam-dot

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Different CRT‘s

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Electron acceleration and bandwidth

cathode anode
e- Y1

Ua Y2

e 1.6 1019 C E  250eV  4 10 17 J

me  9.111031 kg
2  4 10 17 J
E  e U a v  9.38 10 6 m

9.1110 31 kg s
2 E
v
me
 1 ns / cm
2011, april 15th
Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

4 Units of a Scope  Display

 Horizontal / Time Unit (X or t)
 Vertical / Amplitude Unit (Y)
 Trigger Configuration

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

What‘s in a scope?

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

the screen

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Vertical deflection

Vertical sensitivity:
set voltage
per division !

are you calibrated ?

2011, april 15th
Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

example:

-> 6V pp
-> 2.12V eff.
2011, april 15th
Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Time base

set time per division !

are you calibrated?

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

example:

1.76s
-> 6 per. within 8.8*0.2s -> 3.4 Hz
2011, april 15th
Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Trigger

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Trigger

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Chop
ChopSuey
Alt

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

AC DC

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Bandwidth definition

The analog bandwidth of a scope is defined by the specific

points, where the signal dropes by 3dB ( 1 / √2 )

70.7%

2011, april 15th

 Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Comparition of different bandwidths

100 MHz clock

100MHz
Scope
300MHz
Scope
500MHz
Scope
1GHz Scope
2011, april 15th
Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

example: Tektronix 465

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

delay

CH A

CH B

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Probes

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

Using a oscilloscope probe

R2
R2==15
150
1500
Ohm
Ohm
Ohm

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

working with a termination

R2 = 500
50Ohm
5 Ohm
Ohm

2011, april 15th

Oscilloscopes IAP Friday Seminar

We are now leaving the „analog“ world......

2011, april 15th