Patterns Of Knowing

Explain the various patterns of knowing as they

influence theory construction or development in
nursing

Apa yang perawat tahu/ketahui

Bagaimana perawat memperoleh

pengetahuan tentang apa yang mereka
pikir mereka tahu

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Barbara carper “four types of knowing in nursing”.

EMPIRICAL KNOWING
ETHICAL KNOWING

AESTHETIC KNOWING

PERSONAL KNOWING

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 EMPIRICAL KNOWING

Informasi, pengetahuan yg OBJECTIF,

FAKTUAL, DESKRIPTIF & BERBASIS
RISET

VERIFIKASI
Pengetahuan diperoleh melalui investigasi sistematik
“describes, explains, and predicts knowledge”

Berdasar asumsi bahwa apa yang diketahui dapat diakses

melalui penglihatan, sentuhan, pendengaran dll
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 ETHICAL KNOWING

knowledge that is about what is right and wrong and what

are good and bad, desirable and undesirable

Fokus pada komponen etik dari praktik keperawatan

RIGHT DECISION at the RIGHT MOMENT

Focusing on what “ought to be done” in a
situation, offering alternatives and being
responsible for safety and best interest of the
patient.
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 AESTHETIC KNOWING

“Subjective form of knowing”.

THE ART OF NURSING

Fokus pada intuisi, interpretasi dan memahami..

Menemukan makna pada apa yang

dialami, dilihat..

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 PERSONAL KNOWING

focuses on self-consciousness, personal awareness

and empathy

Tahu diri sendiri, tahu mengembangkan

hubungan antara nurse dengan client

“do I know what I do? Do I do what I know?”

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 The fundamental reason for developing knowledge
in nursing is for the purpose of creating expert and
effective nursing practice.

It is through inquiry processes for each pattern that

knowledge is formulated for the discipline.

The main concept of knowledge is that all patterns

of knowing form an integrated whole, and the
whole of knowing is essential as a basis for best
practices in nursing
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Chinn & Kramer(2008) states failure to develop
knowledge integrated within all of the patterns
of knowing leads to uncritical acceptance,
narrow interpretation, and partial utilization
of knowledge

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 Bringing together “knowing” and “doing”
is praxis-the synchronous, thoughtful
reflection and action to create a desired
future of emancipatory change. Images of
a desired future are not confined to any
one pattern but rather are reflected in all
knowing patterns (p. 22). If...

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 TUGAS:

Kelompok dari Institusi pendidikan: Reflective

practice
Menelusuri 4 komponen pattern of knowing pada
teori keperawatan ( Orem, jean watson dll)

Kelompok dari Institusi pelayanan: Reflective

practice
Menelusuri 4 komponen pattern of knowing pada
praktk keperawatan

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