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TECTONICS OF PAKISTAN
PLATE TECTONICS
Plates are driven by cooling of Earth (convection)
Gravity provides additional force to move plates.
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Convection is like a boiling pot. Heated soup rises to the surface, spreads and begins to cool, and
then sinks back to the bottom of the pot where it is reheated and rises again.
WHAT ARE THE TECTONIC PLATES?
Lithospheric plate
The ~100-km-thick surface of the Earth;
Contains crust and part of the upper mantle;
It is rigid and brittle;
Fractures to produce earthquakes.
WHAT IS THE ASTHENOSPHERE?
USGS Graphics
Asthenosphere:
Is the hotter upper mantle below the lithospheric plate;
Can flow like silly putty; and
Is a viscoelastic solid, NOT liquid!!
THREE BASIC TYPES OF PLATE
BOUNDARIES
Divergent Using hands to show relative motion
Transform
Convergent
USGS Graphics
Convergent Plate Boundary (Oceanic-Continental)
Trench-Arc
System
Generalized reconstruction of the continents showing evolution of the Tethyan Domain (modified from Sengor et al. 1988).
A, Late Permian; B, Early Triassic; C, Late Jurassic; D, Late Cretaceous: E, Middle Eocene; F, Late Miocene.
Tectonic Plates in Pakistan
Northward movement of Indian Plate and its collision with Eurasian Plate
COLLISION OF INDIAN AND EURASIAN PLATE
10 Million
Years Ago
SRI LANKA
55 Million
Years Ago
This collision caused large scale
destruction resulting in formation of
Himalayas Mountain system. 71 Million
Years Ago
SRI LANKA
Northward movement of Indian Plate and its collision with Eurasian Plate
Collision of Indian and Eurasian plates
Collision of Indian and Eurasian plates and opening of Indian Ocean
Himalayas
Geographic Map of Pakistan
Tectonics of Southwestern Pakistan
TECTONICS OF COASTAL AREA OF PAKISTAN
Makran and adjoining parts of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran
Plate boundaries and structural trend along the Makran region
MAKRAN AND ADJOINING PARTS OF PAKISTAN,
AFGHANISTAN AND IRAN
PLATE BOUNDARIES AND STRUCTURAL TREND ALONG
Tectonic Zones of Pakistan
Tectonic Zones of Pakistan