STATISCTIC

INTRODUCTION TO STATISTIC
 WHAT IS STATISTICS?
Statistics is the science of collection, analysis, and
presentation of data.

Statisticians contribute to scientific enquiry by

applying their knowledge to the design of surveys
and experiments; the collection, processing, and
analysis of data; and the interpretation of the
results.
 WHAT IS A RAW DATA?

Raw data, also known as source data,

is data that has not been processed in
order to be displayed in any sort of
presentable form.
 FUNCTIONS OR USES OF STATISTICS
• Statistics helps in providing a better understanding
1. and exact description of a phenomenon of nature.

• Statistics helps in proper and efficient planning of a

2. statistical inquiry in any field of study.

• Statistics helps in collecting an appropriate

3. quantitative data.
 FUNCTIONS OR USES OF STATISTICS
• Statistics helps in presenting complex data in a
suitable tabular and graphic form for an easy
4. and clear comprehension of the data.

• Statistics helps in drawing valid inferences, along

with a measure of their reliability about the
5. population parameters from the sample data.
 LESSON 38: ORGANIZING AND
PRESENTING DATA

• Objective: In this lesson, you are expected to:

• 1. Organize data in a frequency table
• 2. Use appropriate graphs to represent data.
 ENROLMENT OF STUDENTS PER GRADE LEVEL FOR
FOUR CONSECUTIVE YEARS
Chart Title
80

70

60

50
RAW DATA

40

30

20

10

0
GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
2015 45 45 30 33
2016 63 48 30 45
2017 54 45 31 50
2018 70 50 29 38
POPULATION OF STUDENTS IN 2018

20%
23%

27%

30%
 SCORES OF STUDENTS IN MATH AND ENGLISH
Chart Title
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
1ST QUARTER 2ND QUARTER 3RD QUARTER 4TH QUARTER
MATH ENGLISH
1. What information can we get from each
of the above charts or graphs? Discuss
each chart or graph.
2. Do they present the same information?

3. Describe each of the charts/graphs. What

do you think are some uses of each of the
charts or graphs?
 PERSONALIZED MUG
PIE CHART JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY
FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY

It is a circle divided 1%
10%
into sectors 17%
5%
proportional to the
frequencies. It shows 10%

how a part of 9%

something relates to 6%
the whole. It is 7%
important to define 5%

what the whole 4%

12%
represents. 14%
HISTOGRAM
A histogram is a
graphical representation
showing a visual
impression of the
distribution of data. A
histogram consists of
tabular frequencies,
shown as adjacent
rectangles, erected over
intervals. The height of a
rectangle is also equal to
the frequency.
BAR GRAPH NUMBER OF STUDENTS

It is like a histogram ARNIS

except that its bars are RUNNING

separated. This uses
parallel bars, either CHESS

horizontal or vertical, to SWIMMING

represent counts for
several categories. One TABLE TENNIS

bar is used for each BADMINTON

category with the length
of the bar representing BASKETBALL

the count for that one 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

category. STUDENTS
LINE GRAPH NUMBER OF BABIES BEING BORN EVERYDAY
600

A line graph shows

trends in data 500

clearly. This displays 400

data which are

collected over a
300

period of time to 200

show how the data 100

change at regular
intervals. 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
MALE FEMALE
• 1. Organize the following data and present using appropriate
graph or chart. Explain why you are using such graph/chart in
presenting your data. a. The data below shows the population [in
thousands] of a certain city.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

65 78 80 81 82 86 90 120 115 180

b. The following data indicates the scores
of 30 students who took the qualifying
examination for mathematics challenge.

35, 60, 45, 56, 54, 20, 65, 80, 70, 34, 32
90, 95, 70, 24, 11, 70, 65, 70, 45, 32, 70 45,
55, 76, 77, 16, 92, 88, 86, 78, 54, 19