A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON

Suspension System

By
Ranjan
(4ES15ME052)

1
 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Purpose of suspension system
• Basic Parts of suspension system
• Types Of Suspension System
• Elements of suspension system
• Springs
• Dampers(or shock absorbers)
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION

• The suspension system of an automobile is one which separates the

wheel/axle Assembly from the body.
• The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle
structure from shocks and vibration due to irregularities of the road surface.
• Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear
 PURPOSE OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM

• Supports the weight.

• Provides a smooth ride.
• Allows rapid cornering without extreme body
• Keeps tires in firm contact with the road.
• Allows front wheels to turn side-to-side for steering.
• Works with the steering system to keep the wheels in correct alignment.
• Isolate passenger and cargo from vibration and shock
 BASIC PARTS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM

• Control Arm:- movable lever that

fastensthe steering knuckle to the
vehicle’sbody or frame.

• Steering Knuckle:– provides a spindle or

bearing support for the wheel hub,
bearingsand wheel assembly.
• Ball Joints:– swivel joints that
allow control arm and steering
knuckle to move up and down and
side to side

• Springs:– supports the weight of

the vehicle; permits the control
arm and Wheel to move up and
down.
• Shock absorbers or dampeners:-
keeps the suspension from
continuing to bounce after spring
compression and extension

• Control arm bushing :– sleeves that

allows the control arm to swing up
and down on the frame.
 TYPES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
• Non-independent suspension:- It has
both right and left wheel attached to the
same solid axle. When one wheel hits a bump
in the road, its upward movement causes a
slight tilt of the other wheel.

• Independent suspension:-
Independent suspension is a broad term
for any automobile suspension system that
allows each wheel on the same axle to
move vertically independently of each
other
 Elements of suspension system

• Spring : It absorbs road shocks or impacts due to bump in road by oscillating.

Tyres also provides spring effect , but to a smaller extent.
• Damper : They reduce the tendency of the carriage unit to continue to
“bounce” up and down on its springs .Oscillation due to road shocks are
restricted to a reasonable level by damper
 SPRINGS

• Springs are resilient members and as such act as reservoirs of energy . They
store the energy due to the sudden force which comes when vehicle
encounters a bump or a ditch . This energy is released subsequently and with
the action of damper, the energy is converted into heat and bounce is avoided.
• Springs used for suspension system should absorb road shocks quickly and
return to the original position slowly
 TYPES OF SPRINGS

• 1. Leaf spring
• 2. Coil spring
• 3. Torsion bars
• 4. Air and gas spring
• 5. Rubber spring
 LEAF SPRING
• Used in many early applications
• Internal friction provides damping
• Provide Lateral location for the axle
• Heavy
• Prone to weaken over time
• Leaf springs are now limited to the rear of some cars
LEAF SPRING
 COIL SPRING

• Little to no internal damping

• Low cost
• Compact Size
• Used in many Suspension types
• Coil spring is the most common type of spring found on
modern vehicles
COIL SPRING
 TORSION BARS

• A torsion bar is a solid bar of steel which is connected to the car chassis at
one end, and free to move at the other end. They can be mounted across the
car or along the car .The springing motion is provided by the metal bar's
resistance to twisting.
• Up and down of the suspension system twists the torsion bar
• When the wheel strikes a bump, it begins to vibrate up and down
TORSION BARS
 AIR AND GAS SPRING

• In these springs compressed air or gasis filledin the cylinder or

bellows against which the wheel movement is transmitted
through diaphragm. As soon as the wheel passes over a road
irregularity the compressed air returns the system to its
original position
 RUBBER SPRING

As rubber can store more energy per unit mass

than any other type of spring material,
considerable weight can be saved with rubber
suspension. Rubber springs, if works on
compression or shear, can be used as the main
suspension spring, otherwise can be fitted
along with metal springs to improve the
suspension characteristics.
 ADVANTAGES

• It has excellent vibration damping properties.

• Absence of squeaking.
• The number of bearing can be reduced.
• Rubber is more reliable.
 SHOCK ABSORBERS
• A shock absorber is a mechanical device designed
to smooth out or damp shock impulse, and
dissipate kinetic energy.
• Limits spring compression-extension movements
to smooth the vehicle’s ride.
• Without shock absorbers, the vehicle would
continue to bounce up and down long after striking
dip or hump in the road.
 CONCLUSION

• Vehicle’s Suspension system is responsible for driving comfort and safety as

the suspension carries the vehicle body and transmits all the force between
body and road.
• The suspension system provides the vehicle acts as a safety member by
providing the desired height and the cushioning against the bumps or
irregularities present on the road surface.
 REFERENCES
• Ayman A. Aly and Farhan A. Salem : “Vehicle Suspensions Systems Control: A Review”;
International Journal of Control, automations and systems vol.2 no.2 July 2013
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/15330613/suspension
• Wikipedia: (http://www.bose.com/controller?url=/automotive/bose_suspension/index.jsp)
• Hydraulic shock absorbers.OTO-HUI.COM
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcSH2z706rU&list=PLD41CECBDA5664881&index=37)
• http://www.autoevolution.com/news/how-magnetorheological-suspension-works-8947.html
THANK YOU