NERACA

MASSA DAN
ENERGI II
 KELOMPOK 5
ANGGOTA:
•AKE TUPESLA B

•AURELIA AMARTYA BR. SITORUS

•LENNI LAMTIAR SAGALA

•NADYA APRILLIA REVANZA

•VEBYYOLA WULANDIKA
SOAL 5.6
BUKU REKLAIRTIS
SOAL:
Recovery of Na2CO3 and its coversion to NaOH are the key elements of
the Kraft process. In the simplified flowsheet shown in figure P5.6,
Na2CO3 is reacted with Ca(OH)2 in the calciner via the reaction
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2  2NaOH + CaCO3 ….(1)

The CaCO3 is washed in a thickener an converted to CaO in a kiln via

reaction:
CaCO3  CO2 + CaO …(2)
The resulting lime (CaO) is hidrated in the slaker to again obtain
Ca(OH)2 :
CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 ……(3)
Use the composition shown on the flowsheet the additional
specification that:
F1H2O = F10
And assume that all reaction have 100% conversion

a. Show that problem is correctly specified and deduce a calculation

order
b. Solve for a stream
 Flowsheet (figure P5.6)

CaCO3
NaOH
H2O
Ca(OH)2
NaOH
H2O
 Degree of the freedom

Calciner Thickener kiln Slaker Proses Overall

jumlah variable 10+1 11 8+1 6+1 24+3 13+3

aliran

jumlah neraca 5 3 5 4 17 5
massa TTSL

jumlah variable 2 4 3 1 8 6
diketahui

Jlh. hubungan - - - - 1 1
pendukung

Derajat 4 4 1 2 1 4
kebebasan
KILN
Basis : F9 = 100 mol/jam CO2:
NaOH : 0 + r2 = F8 CO2
F7NaOH = F9 NaOH r2 = 0.282 x F8
0.03 x F7 = 0.16 x 100 84 = 0.282 x F8
F7 = 320 mol/jam F8 = 297.87 mol/jam
CaO :
0+ r2 = F9 CaO H2 O :
r2 = 0.84 x 100 F7 H2O = F8 H2O
r2 = 84 mol/jam F7 H2O = 0.718 x 297.87
F7 H2O = 213.87 mol/jam
F7 = F7 H2O + F7 CaCO3 + F7NaOH
320 = 213.87 +92.8 + F7NaOH
F7NaOH = 90.13 mol/jam
X7 H2O = 0.66
X7 CaCO3 = 0.29
Cara Lain :
F7 + F11 = F9 + F8
320 + F11 = 100 - 297.87
F11 = 77. 87 mol/jam

CaCO3:
F7 CaCO3 - r2 + F11 CaCO3 = 0
0.29 x 320 – 84 + F11 CaCO3 = 0
F11 CaCO3 = - 8.8 mol/jam
Basis F8 = 100 m0l/jam CaO :
CO2 0 + r2 = F9CaO
0 + r2 = 0,282 x 100 28,2 = 0,84 x F9
r2 = 28,2mol/jam F9 = 28,2/0,84
F9= 33,57mol/jam
H2 O :
F7 H2O = F8 H2O F7/F9 = 3,2
F7 H2O = 0,718 x 100 F7 = 3,2 x 33,57
F7 H2O = 71,8mol/jam F7= 107,424 mol/jam

NaOH :
F7NaOH = 0,05 x 107,424
F7NaOH = F9NaOH
0,05 x F7 = 0,16 x F9 F7NaOH = 5,37mol/jam
F7/F9 = 0,16/0,05
F7/F9 = 3,2
CaCO3 Slaker
F7= F7CaCO3 + F7 H2O + F7NaOH NaOH
107,424 = F7CaCO3+ 71,8 + 5,37 0,16 x 33,57 = F7NaOH
5,37 = F7NaOH
F7CaCO3 = 107,424 – (71,8 + 5,37)

F7CaCO3 = 30,25 mol/jam CaO

0,84 x 33,57 – r3 = 0
F7CaCO3 – r2 + F11 = 0 r3 = 28,19

30,25 - 28,2 + F11 = 0

Ca(OH)2
2,05 + F11 = 0 0 + r3 - r1 = F4Ca(OH)2
F11 = -2,05 mol/jam 28,19 - r1 = F4 Ca(OH)2 …(1)
H2O H2 O
F10 H2O - r3= F4 H2O F4H2O + F1H2O = F3H2O +
F10 H2O -28,19 = F4 H2O ….(2) F2H2O
F4H2O + 0,579 x F1 = 0,75 x
F3 + F2H2O
Calciner
Na2CO3 NaOH
F4NaOH + 2r1 = 0,25 x F3 +
F1Na2CO3- r1= 0
F2NaOH
0,421 x F1- r1 = 0
Ca(OH)2
r1 = 0,421 x F1
F4Ca(OH)2- r1 + r3 = 0

CaCO3
0 + r1 = F2CaCO3
THICKENER

NaOH
CaCO3
F2NaOH + F5NaOH = F6NaOH +F7NaOH
F2CaCO3 = F6CaCO3 + F7CaCO3
F2NaOH + 0,02 x F5 = 0,07 x F6 + 0,05 x F7
F2CaCO3 = 0,03 x F6 + 0,282 x 107,424
F2NaOH+ 0,02 x F5 =0,07 x F6 + 0,05x107,424 F2CaCO3 = 0,03 x F6 + 30,29

H2 O

F2H2O + F5H2O = F6H2O + F7H2O

F2H2O + 0,98 x F5 = 0, 927 x F6 + 71,8

Overall

Na2CO3
F1Na2CO3 – r1 = 0
0,421 x F1 = 0

CO2
0 + r2 = F6CO2
r2 = 0,927 x F6

NaOH
F5NaOH + 2r1 = F3NaOH +F6NaOH
0,02 x F5+ 2r1 = 0,25 x F3 + 0,07 x F6
H2 O
F1H2O + F5H2O +F10H2O – r3 = F3H2O +F6H2O +F8H2O
0,579 x F1 + 0,98 x F5 + F10H2O – r3 = 0,75 x F3 + 0,927 x F6 + 0,718 xF8

CaCO3
F11CaCO3 – r2 = F6CaCO3
F11CaCO3 – r2 =0,03 x F6
 Thanks!

Any questions?