DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : G. Subba Rao & B. Santhosha Kumari
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.
Institute : BPTC, Bapatla
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Microprocessors
Subject Code : CM 405
Topic : Introduction and Architecture
Duration : 50 Mts
Sub Topic : Introduction To Microcomputers, Basic
Functional Blocks Of Microprocessor
Teaching Aids : Figures
Revised by :K.Srikanth,Lecturer,GPT,Nizamabad
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Objectives

On completion of this period you would be able to

• Know about Microcomputer

• Draw the basic functional block diagram of a

microprocessor

• Describe each block of microprocessor

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 Classification of Computers

Computers are Two Types

• Analog Computers
– Constructed using circuits that handle continuously
varying voltage signals

• Digital Computers
– Constructed using circuits like Digital ICs that handle
binary signals

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 Classification Of Digital Computers

• Main frame computers

– Large size, huge capacities, very high speed
computation

• Mini computers
– Medium size, moderate capabilities, medium speed

• Micro computers
– Small size, small memory, low speed

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 Microcomputers

• Originally of smaller capabilities

• With large technological developments, today’s

Microcomputers are comparable to earlier Mini
or even Main frame systems

• So, distinction becomes difficult now

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 Microcomputers

• Personal Computers (PCs) comes under the

category of Microcomputers

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 Block Diagram Of A Microcomputer
CPU
ARITHMETIC
LOGIC UNIT(ALU)

INPUT CONTROL UNIT OUTPUT

MEMORY

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 Basic Blocks Of A Microcomputer

• Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)

• Control Unit (CU)
• Memory
• Input Unit (I/P)
• Output Unit (O/P)

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 Microprocessor

• If ALU and Control Unit comes on one single IC, it is

called Microprocessor

• So, ‘Microprocessor is a single chip CPU’

• Microprocessors are now used as CPUs in

Microcomputers

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Block Diagram Of A Microprocessor

Accumulator
&
Flag Register
ALU General
Purpose
Registers
Timing and Control

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 Description of Block Diagram

•The microprocessor is a data processing unit

•Data processing includes both computation and data
handling

•The main blocks of microprocessor are

 Arithmetic and Logic Unit
 Accumulator
 General purpose Registers
 Flag register
 Timing and Control Unit

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 Arithmetic And Logic Unit
• Performs arithmetic operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

• Also performs logical operations like AND ,OR, NOT, XOR,

Compare, etc.

Accumulator

• This is a register used for holding data and storing

intermediate results and data

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General Purpose Registers

• The general purpose registers are also used for storing

data and involve in various arithmetic and logic operations

• The size and number of registers depends on the specific

Microprocessor

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 Flag Register
• A flag is a flip flop that indicates some condition
produced on the execution of an instruction or controls
certain operation of microprocessor

• Group of such flags is called a flag register

• The size of the flag register varies from one processor to

the other

• The Flag register is also called as Processor Status Word

(PSW)

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 Timing And Control Unit
• The timing unit contains an oscillator which generates
clock signals that synchronize all the operations in the
microprocessor

• Control unit generates signals to control each block of

a microprocessor to perform operations at right time

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Summary

• Accumulator stores the results and data

• ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations

• Microprocessor contains general purpose and special

purpose registers

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 Quiz

• The status of ALU after an operation is indicated by

(a) General Purpose Register

(b) Timing and Control unit

(c) Flag Register

(d) Program counter

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the basic blocks present in a microprocessor

and explain their function.

2. What is meant by a flag ?

3. What is the use of general purpose register ?

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