Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
& Theory
of Transpersonal
Caring
Adopted by
Ibrahim Ayasreh
Supervised by
Prof. Lubna Abu-Shaikha
Objectives
She has two grown daughters, Jennifer and Julie, and five grandchildren.
Credentials and Background of the Theorist
(Degrees Earned)
1986-97 : Founder and Director, Center for Human Caring, University of Colorado Health
Sciences Center, Denver, CO
Jean Watson has authored 11 books, shared in authorship of six books, and has
written countless articles in nursing journals.
Credentials and Background of the Theorist
WCSI is an international non-profit organization created to advance the philosophies, theories and practices
of Human Caring, originated by Jean Watson.
WSCI is dedicated to help the current health care system retain its most precious resource – competent,
caring professional nurses – while preparing a new generation of health professionals in a broader model of
Caring Science.
WSCI will help to ensure caring and healing for the public, reduce nurse turnover, and decrease costs to the
system.
Watson’s Work
Theoretical Sources
Caring consciousness.
Moral
Intentional Honoring Authentic
commitment
The carative factors differ from the caritas process in their spiritual
dimension and evocation of love and caring (Watson, 2015).
Caritas in contemporary nursing literature
Definition Itdescribesthenurse’sroleindevelopingeffective
nurse-patient interrelationships and in promoting
wellness by helping the patient adopt health-seeking
behaviors
The conscious will of the nurse affirms the subjective and spiritual
significance of the patient while seeking to sustain caring in the midst
of threat and despair.
Major Assumptions
Nursing:
- ToWatson(1988),nursingconsistsof“knowledge,thought,values,
philosophy,commitment,andaction,withsomedegreeofpassion”
Health:
- Shedefinedhealthas“unityandharmonywithinthemind,body,andsoul”.
Environment:
Watson did not explicitly define environment, but it was specifically used in
the 10 carative factors
Emphasized on supportive, protective, and or corrective mental, physical,
societal, and spiritual environments.
Watson’stheorycanbeappliedtovariouspopulationsandtodifferentclinical
settings. (Pajnkihar, et al, 2017)
See Articles:
Bayuo, J. (2017). Case Study in Caring Application of Watson’s Theory of Human
Caring to End of Life Care in the Burns Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report.
International Journal of Human Caring, 21(3), 142-144. doi:10.20467/1091-
5710.21.3.142
Transpersonal caring– healing modalities
Arslan-Özkan, I., Okumuş, H., & Buldukoğlu, K. (2013). A randomized controlled
trial of the effects of nursing care based on Watsons Theory of Human Caring on
distress, self-efficacy and adjustment in infertile women. Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 70(8), 1801-1812. doi:10.1111/jan.12338
Application by the Nursing Community
(Administration/Leadership)
See Articles:
Watson’swritingsprovidenursingstudentswithontological,ethical,
and epistemological bases for their practice, along with research
directions.
Watson’scaringframeworkhasbeentaughtinnumerousbaccalaureate
nursing curricula.
Application by the Nursing Community
(Research)
Application by the Nursing Community
(Research)
See Article:
Clarity:
- Watson uses nontechnical, sophisticated, fluid, and evolutionary language to artfully describe her
concepts.
- The concepts in Watson’s theory are abstract and do not achieve full clarity and consistency
(Pajnkihar, et al, 2017)
- Assumptions are clearly listed, but they also remain abstract. (Pajnkihar, et al, 2017)
- Watson’s inclusion of metaphors, personal reflections, artwork, and poetry make her concepts
more tangible and more aesthetically appealing.
- Criticisms on her focus on the psychosocial rather than the pathophysiological aspects of nursing.
Critique
Simplicity:
Generality:
Empirical Precision:
Derivable Consequences:
Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work. (8th edition). St. Louis: Mosby.
Arslan-Özkan, I., Okumuş, H., & Buldukoğlu, K. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of the
effects of nursing care based on Watsons Theory of Human Caring on distress, self-efficacy and
adjustment in infertile women. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(8), 1801-1812.
doi:10.1111/jan.12338
Bayuo, J. (2017). Case Study in Caring Application of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring to End of
Life Care in the Burns Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report. International Journal of Human Caring,
21(3), 142-144. doi:10.20467/1091-5710.21.3.142
Ozan, et al (2015). Implementation of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring: A Case Study.
International Journal of Caring Sciences. 8(1) : 25-34.
Pajnkihar, et al. (2017). Fit for Practice: Analysis and Evaluation of Watson’s Theory of Human
Caring. Nursing Science Quarterly. 30(3) 243–252