Artificial Lift

ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE
PUMP
Artificial Lift
As pressure in the reservoir declines, the producing capacity
of the wells will decline. The decline is caused by a decrease
in the ability of the reservoir to supply fluid to the well bore.
Methods are available to reduce the flowing well bottom hole
pressure by artificial means.
 Comparison of Lift Method

Typical Artificial Lift Application Range

Ft./Lift
12,000
11,000
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 BPD

Rod PC Pumps Hydraulic Lift Submersible Pump Gas Lift

Pumps
Electric Submersible Pump
ESP
Typical Range Maximum*
Operating
Depth 1,000’ - 10,000’ TVD 15,000’ TVD
Operating
Volume 200 - 20,000 BPD 30,000 BPD
Operating
Temperature 100° - 275° F 400° F
Wellbore 10° 0 - 90° Pump
Deviation Placement -
<10° Build
Angle
Corrosion Handling Good
Gas Handling Poor to Fair
Solids Handling Poor to Fair
Fluid Gravity >10° API
Servicing Workover or Pulling Rig
Prime Mover Type Electric Motor
Offshore Application Excellent
System Efficiency 35%-60%
Surface and Down-hole System
ESP Assembly - Motor
ESP Motor Component
 Cooling Motor oil
Function of Motor Oil:
1. As a gap between rotor an stator (Req: 25 KV DC with 0.1” gap) (electrical isolation)
2. Lubrication rotating parts
3. Heat generated in the motor is carried to the skin of the motor by means of the
circulating through
Cooling Motor Jacket
Unbalanced Motor
ESP Cable
ESP Cable type
ESP Protector

Primary
1. Keep well fluid out of the motor

Secondary
1. Couple the torque developed by the motor to
the pump via the protector shaft
2. Oil pressure compensator (pressure balanced
system)
3. Oil volume compensator (due to thermal
expansion)
 Protector operation cycles
1. Servicing the protector prior to installation.
Since the protector is serviced at surface, the motor oil temperature will be the current
Outside Ambient temperature (OAT).
 Protector operation cycles
2. System landing at setting depth, oil expands.
The protector is lowered into the well and will reach Bottom Hole Temperature (BHT).
Assume oil expansion equals 9%.
 Protector operation cycles
2. System landing at setting depth, oil expands.
Given that the system can only hold 100% volume, the system will dump the 9%
overboard. This oil will never be recovered.
 Protector operation cycles
3. Motor Operates, oil expands more.
Additional expansion of oil, typically another 2-4%.
 Protector operation cycles
3. Motor Operates, oil expands more.
But again, the system can only hold 100% volume. The 2-4% oil expanded will again
be lost to the well bore.
 Protector operation cycles
4. Motor stops, oil contracts
Now the system is only 96 - 98% full of motor oil so the protector will then have a
small amount of well fluid in the first chamber making up the balance of the volume.
 Protector operation cycles
5. Motor operating cycles.
As the unit cycles, the system can loose additional motor oil due to several reasons:
Motor Temp, Specific Gravity, Gas in Motor Oil, Emulsions, etc..
 Protector operation cycles
6. Pulling the unit to surface, oil contracts.
When the unit is pulled the motor oil will cool once again to surface temperature (OAT).
Most bag damage is caused during system removal from the well and not during down hole
operation.
Protector Type
Labyrinth Protector
When motor starts again the excess motor oil
will be pushed to the protector. The clean and
light motor oil will push the heavier well fluid
outside of the protector chamber keeping
enough clean motor oil supply for the next
start/stop cycles
Bag Protector
Modular Protector
Protector Application
ESP Intake
Static Gas Separator
Dynamic Vortex Gas Separator
Advance Gas Handler
Centrifugal Pump - Impeller and Diffuser
 Pump Type of Construction

VIDEO
 ESP Bypass System
• Wireline or coiled tubing plugs can be supplied to seat in a
nipple profile in the Y-tool to enable intervention or logging
operations without retrieval of the completion

• Can be also used for installing two parallel ESPs in the well.
THANK YOU
Chapter II

ESP – DESIGN
ESP Design
Wellhead
pressure Data Preparation
1. Fluid :
• API oil
2. Production Data:
Static Fluid • Oil Production, Bopd
Level • Water Cut
• WHP, Psi
Dynamic
• Casing Pressure, psi
Fluid Level
• Static fluid level or LLC, jts
3. Well Data :
• Perforation Depth, ft
Pump • Inside diameter Tubing, inch
Intake
4. Pump Data :
• Pump chart
• Pump Setting depth

SBHP – FBHP
Perfo depth
ESP Pressure Gradient

Wellhead pressure

Liquid Level

Total Dynamic Head Discharge Pressure

Suction Pressure

Bottomhole pressure
ESP Operating Principles
ESP Design Procedure
CALCULATE WELL PARAMETER
• Create IPR from Production Data test & estimated PI and Optimum production target
for ESP
𝑸𝑶 𝑸𝒐
𝑷𝑰 = or 𝑸 𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
(𝑷𝒓 − 𝑷𝒘𝒇) 𝑷𝒘𝒇 𝑷𝒘𝒇
𝟏 − 𝟎, 𝟐 𝑷𝒓 − 𝟎, 𝟖 ( 𝑷𝒓 )𝟐

• Calculate Oil specific Gravity (S.G oil)

𝟏𝟒𝟏. 𝟓
𝑶𝒊𝒍 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟓 + 𝑨𝑷𝑰 𝒐𝒊𝒍

• Calculate Composite Specific Gravity ( S.G mix)

𝑺. 𝑮 𝒎𝒊𝒙 = 𝑾𝑪 𝒙 𝑺. 𝑮 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 + 𝟏 − 𝑾𝑪 𝒙 (𝑺. 𝑮 𝒐𝒊𝒍)

• Convert S.G mix to fluid gradient

𝑺. 𝑮 𝒎𝒊𝒙 𝒙 𝟐. 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐. 𝟓𝟒𝟑
𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒅 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟐, 𝒑𝒔𝒊/𝒇𝒕
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
ESP Design Procedure
• Calculate Static Fluid Level and Static Bottom-hole pressure

𝑺𝑭𝑳 = 𝑳𝑳𝑪 𝒋𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒙 𝟑𝟎, 𝟓, 𝒇𝒕

𝑺𝑩𝑯𝑷 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟑 𝒙 𝑺. 𝑮 𝒎𝒊𝒙 𝒙 ( 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉 − 𝑺𝑭𝑳), ft

• Calculate Dynamic Fluid Level

𝟏 𝑸𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒕
𝑳𝑳𝑪 𝒅𝒚𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒄 = 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉 − 𝒙 𝑺𝑩𝑯𝑷 − , 𝒇𝒕
𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒅 𝑷𝑰

CALCULATE TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH)

• Calculate Fluid above Pump
𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝑨𝒃𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒖𝒎𝒑 = 𝑷𝒖𝒎𝒑 𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉 − 𝑳𝑳𝑪 𝒅𝒚𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒄

• Calculate Total Friction in tubing and surface

𝟏.𝟖𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑸 𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒕𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝑷𝑺𝑫
𝑻𝒖𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝟑 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝟗𝟒 𝑰𝑫 𝒕𝒖𝒃𝟒.𝟖𝟔𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
ESP Design Procedure
• Calculate surface Friction
𝑾𝑯𝑷
𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑭𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝑺.𝑮 𝒎𝒊𝒙 𝒙 𝟎.𝟒𝟑𝟑 ft

• Calculate Total dynamic head

𝑻𝑫𝑯 = 𝑳𝑳𝑪𝒅𝒚𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒄 + 𝑻𝒖𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 + 𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

IMPELER SELECTION
• No. of stages, house power and Pump efficiency
𝑻𝑫𝑯
𝑵𝒐. 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒔 =
𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅/𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆
PUMP
𝑯𝑷
Total 𝑯𝑷 = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒙 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆
+𝟖 CURVE DATA

𝑸𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒕 𝒙 𝑻𝑫𝑯 𝑿 𝑺.𝑮 𝒎𝒊𝒙

Pump efficiency = 𝟑𝟗𝟔𝟎 𝒙 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑯𝑷
Current Production 2600 bpd
Flowline Pressure 165 psi
Casing Pressure 0 psi
Static Fluid Level 10 jts
S.B.H.P. psi
LLC jts
F.B.H.P. psi
Productivity Index 50.00
BS & W 70%
API oil 40
S.G. Water 1
Composite S.G.
Perfo Depth 3,728 ft
Tubing I.D. 2.99 inch