Imperialism &

colonialism
 presenter 2

• Sabariah Maming (J1a016016)

• Yeda alva senja t (j1a016019)
• Risna Pratiwi (J1A0116020)
• KintaN P (J1A016023)
• Reza fajar f (j1a026030)
• Widya ria apriyani (j1a106034)
 3

IMPERIALISM
 4

It is the process of extending one state’s

control over another which takes many forms.

the practice of imperialism can be done by

direct and indirect rule.
The system of new imperialism expanded
greatly during the 19th century.

the european countries and also the united

states colonized around one quarter of the
world
imperial powers during the 19th century is different 6

than the imperialism before the 19th century

the main quest for the earlier european colonizer was

more of a religious agenda to convert the colonized
people into christianity

the 19th century conquerors justification was to bring

civilization and european secularism to the world.
 7

the phrase “white man’s burden” burden by Rudyard

Kipling became a strong argument in favor of the
supporter of new imperialism to justify the imperial
expansion throughout the world.
 8

IMPERIALISM IN
SOUTH ASIA
 9

THREE MAIN FOCUS:

1. HOW THE EARLY PROCESS OF BRITAIN COME
INTO THE SOUTH ASIA?
2. HOW THE IMPERIALISM IN SOUTH ASIA
HAPPEN?
3. THE EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM IN SOUTH
ASIA?
 How the early process of Britain come into South Asia? 10

⚫ In the 19 - 20 century, India was dominated by Britain.

⚫ It is called with Colonialism period. (Politic, economic, etc)
⚫ Mughal dynasty was end, (the symbol of Islamic power in
India began to end and officially, Britain came to power.)
⚫ Cash emptiness in European countries due to the defeat after
the crusade (Perang Salib).
⚫ The ease of shipping that occurs after the opening of the Suez
canal in Egypt by the ferdinand de lessep, makes a brief
voyage.
 How the imperialism in South Asia happen? 11

ANCIENT MODERN
IMPERIALISM IMPERIALISM

Gold, Gospel, Glory (3G) Large scale industry

 The effect of imperialism in South Asia 12

⚫ Politic: Colonial
model government system
⚫ Economic: Industrial factory manufactures raw materials
and adequate human resources
⚫ Social and culture: Brahmins as the highest tribe.
⚫ Education: Study in Europe, and think like the European.
 13

IMPERIALISM
IN CHINA
 14

❖ In China, too, European imperialism began early,

well before the period of the new imperialism.
❖ Since the seventeenth century European trade with
China focused on coveted luxuries such as silk,
porcelain, art objects, and tea.
 15

The Opium
Trade
o Opium provided a direct link among Britain, British India, and China. Since the 1616th
century, the drug had been produced in India and carried by Dutch and, later,
British traders.
o From India, the East India Company sold the opium to “country traders”— small
fleets of British, Dutch, and Chinese shippers who carried the drug to Southeast
Asia and China.
o The East India Company used the silver it earned from the sale of opium to buy
Chinese goods for the European market.
o People all over the world consumed opium, for medicinal reasons as well as for
pleasure.
o Eighteenth-century China witnessed a craze for tobacco smoking that taught users
how to smoke opium.
o In the nineteenth century opium imports followed Chinese labor all over the world—
to Southeast Asia and San Francisco.
 17

The Opium
WARS
 18
- In 1839, these simmering confl icts broke into what was called the fi
rst Opium War.
- After the first war of 1839–1842, in which British steam vessels and
guns overpowered the Chinese fl eet, the Treaty of Nanking (1842)
compelled the Chinese to give the British trading privileges, the right
to reside in five cities, and the port of Hong Kong “in perpetuity.”
- After a second war, the British secured yet more treaty ports and
privileges, including the right to send in missionaries
- By the end of the nineteenth century the French, Germans, and
Russians had claimed mining rights and permission to build railroads,
to begin manufacturing with cheap Chinese labor
 19

The Boxer
Rebellion
 20
⚫ The Boxers were a secret society of young men trained in Chinese
martial arts and believed to have spiritual powers
⚫ The Boxer Rebellion was one of several anti-imperialist movements at
the end of the nineteenth century.
⚫ In China the age of the new imperialism capped a century of conflict
and expansion.
 21

RUSSIAN
IMPERIALISM
 22
▪ Beginning in 1801, with the acquisition of Georgia after a war with
Persia, the tsars continued to pursue their expansionist dream.
Bessarabia and Turkestan (taken from the Turks) and Armenia (from
the Persians) vastly increased the empire’s size.
▪ In 1875, the Japanese traded the southern half of Sakhalin Island
for the previously Russian Kurile Islands.
▪
The french empire
23

& the civilizing

mission
 24

• French colonialism in Northern Africa began in 18 century

• 1830 ,French had created a general government of their
possession in Algeria
• Algerian conquest was different from most other colonial
ventures
• 1870 , in several coastal cities , this new creole community
outnumbered indigenous Algerians, and within it the
European outnumbered the French
 25
• The settlers and the French Government did not pursue common goals.
• 1870s , Third Republic (founded after Napoleon III was defeated in
1870) to gain settlers loyalty , made the colony a Department of France
• ( French settlers have a full rights of republican citizenship, power to
pass laws in Algeria that consolidated their privileges and community,
and further dis-enfranchised indigenous Muslim population , who had no
voting rights at all
• Before the 1870s , colonial activities aroused relatively little interest
among the French at home. But after the humiliating defeat in the
Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) and the establishment of Third
Republic, colonial lobby groups and politician became increasingly
adamant about the benefits of colonialism
 26

Under Jules Ferry , a Republican Leader , French successfully

expand the presence in Indochina.
French acquired Tunisia (1881), Northern and central
Vietnam (1883) , Laos and Cambodia(1893)
They also carried this civilizing mission to west africa
 27

The year 1895 saw the establishment of a federation of

French West Africa , a loosely organized administration to
govern an area nine times the size of French , including
Guinea, Senegal, and Ivory Coast.
 28

The "Scramble for Africa"

and The Congo
The congo free state

The partition of africa

The congo free state 29

• In the 1870, the British had formed new imperial

relationships in the north and west of Africa and along
the southern and easteen coasts.
• In 1884, a conference was called in Berlin to settle the
matter of control over Congo River basin.
• The Congo Free State was run by Leopold's private company
and the region was opened up to unrestricted exploitation
by a series of large European corporation.
The partition of africa 30

• The occupation of Congo, and its promise of great material

wealth, pressured other colonial powers into expanding
their holdings
• Germany came relatively late to empire overseas.
• Great Britain and French had their own ambitions
• The battle over stategic advantage, diamonds and
European pride was typical of the scramble
 31

Imperial culture
 32
Imperialism was thoroughly anchored in the culture of late nineteenth-century
Europe and the United States.

THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN AND

PEARS’ SOAP.

Imperial themes in advertising is well

illustrated by this, which appeared in
1899 in the American magazine
McClure’s.
 33

Imperialism and Racial Thought

Count Arthur de Gobineau “The Inequality of the Races” in the 1850s.

1. Race offered the “master key” for understanding human societies

in the modern world
2. Gobineau argued that “blood” was the determining factor in
human history.
3. Gobineau claimed that humans were originally divided into ;
Black, White and Yellow.
 34

Imperialism and Racial Thought

Charles Darwin

Darwin suggested that only the most “fit” individuals in a

species survived to bear viable offspring.

Through “natural selection” that is made individuals better

able to find food and mates were likely to be passed on to
future generations.
 35

Imperialism and Racial Thought

Francis Galton (1822–1911)

The population’s racial characteristics by selective breeding

of “superior types.”

Improvements in healthcare and hygiene might allow

individuals with inferior traits to survive to reproductive age.
 36

Opposition to Imperialism
The Pan-African Conference of 1900 , issued a proclamation
“To the Nations of the World,” but The British government
ignored the conference, but Pan-Africanism grew rapidly
after the First World War.
 37

Colonial Culture
Colonial cultures as Imperialism results come in other
parts of the world.

⚫ Cities such as Bombay, Calcutta, and

Shanghai boomed, more than tripling in size.
⚫ Treaty ports like Hong Kong were transformed as Europeans built
banks, shipping enterprises, schools, and religious missions.
⚫ European demands for labor brought men out of their villages, away
from their families, and crowded them into shantytowns bordering
sprawling new cities.
 38

Colonial culture
British, French, and Dutch authorities fretted that too much familiarity
between colonized and colonizer would weaken European prestige and
authority French.

⚫ Citizens lived separated from the rest of the city by a moat

⚫ Authorities required “dressing appropriately and keeping
a distance from the natives.”
⚫ European administrators fitfully tried to prohibit liaisons between
European men and local women, labeling such affairs as “corrupting.”
 39

The Crises of the Empire at the turn of 20th century

• The turn of the twentieh century brought crises to the wetern

civilization.
• Although it did not end the european domination. It brought tension
among the western countries.
• These series of crises would later have a pivotal effect in the 20th
century
 40

Crisis in fashoda

• In the city of Fashoda, Egyptian Sudan the british and

french empire went into confrontation as France were in
doubt that the Britain could potentially colonized area that
the French empire had already colonized before.
 41

Crisis in ethiopia
• In the 1880s and 1890s Italy had conquered Somali and
Eritrea.
• Driven by their achievement, they planned to conquer
Ethiopia in 1896. But they failed miserably during their
invasion in Adowa.
• the event was seen as a humiliation for the Italy and an
important symbol for the African political radicals later in
the 19th century.
 42

Conflicts between africaners and british

• The dutch colonizer known as “Afrikaners or Boers” and

British colonizer were fighting each other to gain control
over the natural resources in South Africa.
• The aftermath was the creation of the Apartheid system of
segregation.
 43

The spanish -american wars

• The United States fought Spain to protect its economic

interests in Pacific and the American continent.
• This would later gained them territories in Cuba, Philippines,
and Puerto Rico and strong influences in the continent of
America.
 44

conclusion
 45

• The rapid industrialization in the Western country during

the last quarter of the 19th century and the nation, the
territorial conflict, and nationalism resulted in the imperial
culture of the West.

• Over the longer term the political, racial ideologies, and also
the economic developments established in this period would
later be contested throughout the 20th century.
 46

Thankyou !
Question please 