Disaster is a series of events that threaten and disrupt people's lives caused by natural factors and/or non-

natural factors and human factors resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses, and
psychological impacts. Whereas disaster management is a series of efforts that include the establishment of
development policies that are at risk of disasters, disaster prevention activities, emergency response, and
rehabilitation.
Overall the characteristics of disasters in indonesia are influenced by geological position, astronomical
position, and human behavior that results in various disasters, namely floods, landslides, droughts, forest and
land fires, hurricanes, storm / tidal waves, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, technology failure, and disease
outbreaks. act no. 24 of 2007 also defines natural disasters, non-natural disasters, and social disasters.
Natural disasters are disasters caused by events or a series of events caused by nature such as earthquakes,
tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, hurricanes, and landslides.
Non-natural disasters are disasters caused by events or series of non-natural events which include technological
failures, failure of modernization, epidemics, and epidemics.
Social disasters are disasters caused by events or a series of events that are caused by humans which include
social conflicts between groups or between community communities, and terror.
 Indonesia realizes that disaster issues must be dealt with seriously since the earthquake and followed by the
tsunami that hit Aceh and its surroundings in 2004. Responding to disasters that continue to increase every year,
thoughts on disaster management must be understood and implemented by all parties. Disaster is the business of all
parties. Periodically, Indonesia is building a national system for handling disasters. This national system includes several
aspects including:
• Legislation
In terms of legislation, the Government of Indonesia has ratified Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster
Management. The legal products below include Government Regulations, Presidential Regulations, Head of Agency
Regulations, and regional regulations.
• Institutional
The institution can be viewed from the formal and non-formal side. Formally, the National Disaster Management
Agency (BNPB) is a focal point for government institutions at the central level. Meanwhile, the disaster management
focal points at the provincial and district/city levels are the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD). On the non-
formal side, forums both at the national and local levels were formed to strengthen disaster management in Indonesia.
At the national level, a National Platform (Planas) is formed which consists of elements of civil society, business,
universities, media, and international institutions.
• Funding
At present disaster is not only a local or national issue but involves the international community. The international
community supports the Indonesian Government in building better disaster management. On the other hand, the
concern and seriousness of the Indonesian Government on disaster issues is very high, as evidenced by significant
budgeting, especially for disaster risk reduction in development.
 In accordance with the law, the main command in the disaster management process in Indonesia is BNPB. The National
Disaster Management Agency (abbreviated BNPB) is a Non-Departmental Government Institution that has the task of
assisting the President of the Republic of Indonesia in coordinating the planning and implementation of integrated disaster
management and emergency activities; and carrying out disaster management and emergencies starting from before, during,
and after a disaster that includes prevention, preparedness, emergency handling, and recovery.
BNPB was formed based on Law no. 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management and Presidential Regulation No. 8 of
2008. Previously this body was named the National Disaster Management Coordinating Board which was formed based on
Presidential Regulation No. 83 of 2005, replacing the National Disaster Management and Refugee Management Coordinating
Board formed by Presidential Decree Number 3 the Year 2001.
 The history of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) was formed
due to the development of disaster management during the independence period
to natural disasters in the form of a massive earthquake in the Indian Ocean in the
20th century. Meanwhile, these developments were greatly influenced by the
context, disaster management paradigm, and scope.
Seeing the current reality, various disasters against the background of
geographical, geological, hydrological and demographic conditions have pushed
Indonesia to build a vision to build the nation's resilience in the face of disasters.
The territory of Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world. The region
which is also located between the continents of Asia and Australia and the Indian
and Pacific Oceans has 17,508 islands. Although the natural resources and beauty
of the islands are preserved, the Indonesian people need to realize that this
archipelago has 129 active volcanoes, also known as the ring of fire, and is located
at the confluence of three active tectonic plates of the Indo-Australian Plate,
Eurasia, and the Pacific.
The ring of fire and at the meeting of three tectonic plates put the island
nation potentially at risk of natural disasters. On the other hand, Indonesia's
position in the tropics and hydrological conditions triggered other natural disasters,
such as tornadoes, extreme rain, floods, landslides, and droughts. Not only natural
disasters as a threat, but also non-natural disasters often hit the country such as
forest and land fires, social conflicts, and technological failures.
 The need for natural disaster prevention is needed to be able to assess the impact of the disaster. In general,
mitigation of natural disasters can be grouped into 3 namely prevention before a disaster, prevention during a disaster and
after a disaster. The following is the full description.
• Before the disaster
there are 2 things that must be done before a disaster (pre-disaster), namely preparedness and mitigation.
Preparedness consists of activities to create an early warning system, develop methods of maintaining logistics and
conduct training for rescue team personnel. In addition, planning for evacuation routes is also needed, as well as steps in
the process of finding and rescuing disaster victims. All these activities are carried out before a disaster occurs in order to
reduce the incidence of casualties and damage during a disaster. While the activities included in mitigation are all activities
that aim to reduce the scale of the disaster that is predicted to occur in the future. This mitigation activity focuses on the
danger or threat of the disaster itself. For example, building houses that are resistant to earthquake shocks and making
irrigation systems in areas that are often hit by drought.
• During a disaster
When natural disasters are taking place, there is a series of activities that must be carried out by the rescue team. The
series of activities included rescuing and evacuating victims and their property (including livestock/pets), fulfilling the basic
needs of disaster victims, providing protection, managing refugees, and saving and repairing infrastructure.
• After the disaster
The time after the disaster (post-disaster) is a time that needs to be considered because the disaster has an
impact afterward. In general, post-disaster activities can be divided into 2 namely rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Rehabilitation is an effort to repair and restore all areas of public service so that it can be used or function again. The
field of public services that must be improved covers all things, from the field of government in the disaster area to the
lives of the people.
• Reconstruction.
Reconstruction is an activity carried out to rebuild all facilities and infrastructure, as well as institutions in the
affected area. This reconstruction is carried out by the government to the community level. The main objectives of the
reconstruction activities are the growth and development of economic, social and cultural activities, the establishment
of law and order, and the rise of community involvement in all aspects of life.