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Colloids
Solutions
Appears to be a single substance but
really two or more substances dissolved
in a solvent and evenly distributed
Very small particles that never settle
out
Homogeneous
Examples of Solutions
Alloys – solid solutions of metals or
non-metals dissolved in metals
Iced tea, salt water, soda, gasoline
Solute versus Solvent
A solute is the substance in a solution that
gets dissolved
A solvent is the substance in a solution that
does the dissolving
If something is soluble, the solute can be
dissolved in a particular solvent
If something is insoluble, the solute will not
be dissolved in a particular solvent
Solutes can be soluble in some solvents but
insoluble in others
Concentration
The comparison of solute to solvent
When there is not a lot of solute
compared to solvent, the solution is
dilute
When there is a lot of solute compared
to solvent, the solution is concentrated
Saturated Solutions
Saturated solution – contains all of the
solute it can hold at a given
temperature.
If you add even one more molecule of the
solute, it will fall out of solution and rest on
the bottom
Unsaturated Solutions
Contains less solute than it can hold at
a given temperature
Can add more solute and it wont fall out of
the solution
Supersaturated Solution
Solution that holds more than it usually
would at a given temperature
Solubility
The amount of solute needed to make a
saturated solution in a given solvent at a
given temperature
For solid solute in liquid solvent – solubility
rises as temperature rises.
For gas solute in a liquid solvent – solubility
lowers as temperature rises
ex – soda goes flat at warm temperatures
Methods to speed up
dissolving
Crushing a solute increases the surface area of the
solute allowing more solvent to surround it thus
dissolving it faster
Ex. Putting butter in macaroni and cheese