df6f]sf] cDnLokgf / o;sf]

Joj:yfkg
• df6f]sf] cldnf]kg df6f]df ePsf] xfO8«f]hgsf] dfqf slt 5
eGg] s'/f hfGg] OsfO{ xf] j}1flgs zAbdf eGg'kbf{
cDnLokgf eGgfn] df6f]df xfO8«f]hg cfogsf] ;lqmotf eGg]
a'lemG5 .
• df6f]df ePsf wgfogx¿ SoflN;od, DofUg]l;od, kf]6fl;od,
;f]l8od / xfO8«f]hg cfog x'g\ . ljleGg sf/0fn] af6f]af6
SoflN;od / DofUg]l;od h:tf wgfogx? x/fo/ hfG5g\ /
xfO8«f]hg cfogsf] dfqf t'ngfTds ?kn] a9\b} hfG5 . o;/L
xfO8«f]hg cfog a9\b} uPkl5 df6f]sf] lk=Pr= 36\5 h;nfO{
xfdL cDnLo df6f] eGb5f}+ .
• df6f]sf] cDnLokgfnfO{ lk=Pr=dfgdf JoQm ul/G5 . ;}4flGts
?kdf lk=Pr= dfg ! b]lv !$ ;Dd x'G5 . t/ ;fwf/0ftof v]tLof]Uo
df6f]df lk=Pr= $ b]lv ( ;Dd x'G5 . lk=Pr= dfg ^=% b]lv
&=% ;Dd ePsf] df6f]nfO{ xfdL t6:y df6f] eGb5f}+ eg]
^=% eGbf tnsf] df6f]nfO{ cDnLo / &=% eGbf dflysf]
df6f]nfO{ Iff/Lo df6f] eGb5f} .
• cDnLokgfn] df6f]sf] /f;folgs / h}ljs u'0fdf k|efj kf5{ . o;n]
• g]kfnsf] s]xL ;Lldt If]q afx]s w]/} h;f] 7fpFsf]
df6f]] cDnLo k|sf/sf] 5 .
• o:tf] df6f]nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ s[lif r'gsf]
k|of]u u/L ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 . s[lif r'g slt k|of]u
ug]{ eGg] s'/f df6f]sf] cDnLokgf, df6f]sf]
agf]6, k|f+ufl/s kbfy{sf] dfqf, nufpg] afnLsf]
lsl;d cflb s'/fx¿df e/ kb{5 .
df6f] cDnLokgf x'g] >f]t÷sf/0fx?
• c;Gt'lnt ¿kdf gfO6«f]hgo'Qm dnsf] nuftf/
k|of]u ugf{n]
• cldnf] jiff{ (Acid rain) eP/
• df6f] aGg] r§fg -9'Ëf_ cldnf] eP/
• df6f] cldnf] agfpg] af]6la?jf /f]k]/, h:t}M
;Nnf
• a9L aiff{n] dn aufP/ cflb .
• -u_ k|f·fl/s kbfy{sf] k|of]udf sdL
• -3_ ;d'lrt afnL rqmsf] cefj M
 df6f]sf] cDnLokgfn] kfg]{ k|efjx?
!= ;'Id hLjsf] lqmofsnfkdf cj/f]w
w]/} h;f] pkofuL ;'IdhLjx? Tf6:y df6f]df lqmofl;n x'G5g\ . olb df6f]sf]
lk=Pr= a9L cDnLo ePdf tL ;'IdhLjx?sf] lqmofsnfk 36\5 eg], s'g} xflgsf/s
;'IdhLjsf] lqmofsnfk a9\g ;S5 . h:t} df6f] cDnLo ePdf qm'l;km]/L
(Cruciferae) hftsf sfpnL, aGbf tyf /fof] h:tf afnLdf h/fdf ufF7]/f]u (Club
Root Disease) u/fpg] 9';LnfO{ a9fjf ldN5 / o;n] k|sf]ksf] ?k lnG5 .
@= vfBtTjsf] pknAwtfdf c;/
Dff6f]sf] lk=Pr= n] afnL lj?jfsf] a[l4df k|ToIf c;/ gk/]tf klg o;n] vfBtTjsf]
pknAwtfdf 7'nf] c;/ kf5{ . df6f]sf] lk=Pr= 5 b]lv &=% ;dd x'bf af]6 lj?jfsf
;j}h;f] vfBtTjx? /fd|/L k|fKt x'G5g .
t/ lk=Pr= 36\b} hfbfF jf cDnLokg a9\b} hfbfF SofNl;od DofUg];Lod sf]
pknAwtf 36|b} hfG5 . lk=Pr= cem} 36\bf d'Vo vfBtTjx? gfO6«f]hg ,
km:kmf]/; / kf]6f; klg sd pknAw x'g] x'G5 . t/ w]/} h;f] ;'IdtTjx? Hf:t}
kmnfd, tfjf, h:tf, Dofuflgh, af]/f]g cflbsf] pknAwtf a9\5 . cDnLokgf
df6f]df a9\b} hfFbf kmnfd ty cfNd'lgodsf] pknAwtf clws eO{ af]6
lj?jfnfO{ ljiffn' ;d]t x'G5g\ . o:tf] ca:yfdf km:kmf]/; kmnfd ;Dd ldn]/ a:5 /
lj?jfn] lng ;Sb}g\ . o:t} cDnLo df6f]df slxn] sfxL cGo tTjx?sf] klg ljiffn'kg
x'g;S5g\ h:t} xfO8«f]hg DofUlgh cflb . df]lnA8]gd dfq Pp6f ;'Id tTj xf]
h'g cDnLokgf a9]df sd pknAw eO{ af]6 lj?jfnfO{ sld x'g] u5{ .
 cDnLo df6f] Aoa:yfkg sf pkfox?

• Dff6f] cDnLo x'g' Pp6f k|fs[lts k|s[of xf] .

dfgjLo sf/0fn] DnLo x'g] qmd a9\g' eg]
;d:of xf] . ;a} ca:yfdf cDnLo df6f] ;d:ofsf ?kdf
x'b}g t/ o;nfO{ Tolx cg';f/sf] Aoa:yfkg
cfsZos k5{ . t;y{ cDnLo df6f] Aoa:yfkgsf
lgDg pkfox? x'g ;S5g\ .
-s_ pko'Qm afnLsf] 5gf]6
• Dff6f] cDnLo 5 eg] o:tf] df6f]df xfjfkfgL
;'xfpFbf] / ;f]xL lk=Pr= df pko'Qm x'g] afnL
nufpg' /fd|f] pkfo xf] . s]lx afnLx?sf nfuL
pko'Qm lk=Pr= lgDgfg';f/ 5 .
• To:t} afnL rqmsf] /fd|f] tfnd]n ldnfO{ w]/} r'g ;f]:g] jf
SoflN;od DofUg];Lod a9L cfaZos kg]{ h:t} sf]z]afnLx? Dffq
lg/Gt/ gnufO{ lognfO{ cGo afnL ;+u pko'Qm cGt/fnsf]
rqmdf nufPdf cDnLokgf a9\g] qmdnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsG5 . r'gsf]
cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df afnLsf] juL{s/0f o; k|sf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
• w]/} r'g dg k/fpg] afnLx¿
• s'l/nf], hf}, l;dL, skf;, s]/fp, /ftf] Snf]e/, e6df;, kfn'Ëf], r'sGb/,
;'o{d'vL, l:j6Snf]e/, cNkmfcNkmf cflb afnLx¿nfO{ w]/} r'gsf]
cfjZostf kb{5 . oL afnLsf] /fd|f] pTkfbg lng df6f]df r'gsf] dfqf
-SoflN;od sfaf]{g]6_ ylk /fVg' kg{] x'G5 .
• dWod r'g dg k/fpg] afnL
• ANofsj]/L, jGbf, ds}, h'g]nf], lh/Lsf] ;fu, abfd, rgf, ;v/v08, ;'tL{,
ux'F, XjfO6 Snf]e/ cflb afnLnfO{ r'gsf] dfqf dWod ?kdf
rflxG5 .
• sd r'g dg k/fpg] afnL
• kmfk/, hf}, abfd, cfn', P];]n', wfg, /fO, :6«a]/L, e]r cflb
afnLnfO{ sd r'g ePklg pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 .
• ;a}eGbf sd r'g dg k/fpg] afnL
lrof, skmL, qm]gj]/L, An'a]/L, g]lko/ 3fF;, e'O{+s6x/, u'/fF;
• -v_ dnvfbsf] ;+t'lnt k|of]u
• s[ifsx?n] afnL nufpFbf k|of]u ug{] dnvfb ;Gt'lnt x'g ;s]df
cDnLokgfsf] ;d:of x'b}g . ljleGg afnL nufpbf gfO6«f]hg o'Qm
o"l/of dndfq xf]Og sL lj?jfnfO{ rflxg] ;a} d'Vo -
gfO6«f]hg,km:kmf]/; / kf]6f;_ tyf ;xfos tTjx? -SofN;Lod
DofUg];Lod , uGws_ / cGo ;'Id tTjx? ;d]t k|of]u u/]df df6f]df ;a}
tTjx?sf] ;+t'ng /fVg d4t x'G5 / ;d:of x'b}g .
• -u_ u'0f:tl/o k|fËfl/s dnvfbdf hf]8
• v]tL ub}{ hfFbf /f;folgs dnsf] dfq k|of]un] df6f]df ePsf k|fËfl/s
kbfy{ lj36g eO{ cDnLokgf a9\5 . To:f}n] u'0f:tl/o k|fËfl/s dnvfb
klg clgjfo{ ?kdf k|of]u ug'{ k5{ . lj:tf/} k"0f{ ?kdf k|fËfl/s dnvfb df
lge{/ x'g klg ;lsG5 . k|fËfl/s dnvfbn] df6f]df k|fËfl/s kbfy{sf] dfqf
a9fpFg'sf ;fy} of] lj?jf nfO{ rflxg] ;Dk'0f{ vfBtTjsf] ;Gt'nLt ;|f]t klg
xf] . df6f]df k|fËfl/s kbfy{sf] dfqf oy:6 5 eg] o:tf] df6f]n]
cDnLokgf jf Ifl/okgfsf] dWo:ytf (Buffering) u5{ .
• -3_ slif r'gsf] k|of]u ul/ df6f]sf] ;'wf/
• Dff6f]df afnLsf] nflu rflxg] lk= Pr= ^ eGbf sd eof] eg] jf Dff6f]]
cDnLo eodf, ;'wf/ ug{ s[lif r'gsf] k|of]u ug'{k5{ . s[lif r'g
r'g9'ËfnfO{ dl;gf] kf/]/ lkw]sf] w'nf] xf] . of] SofN;Lod,
DofUg];Lod cflb vfBtTjsf] ;ld>0faf6 ag]sf] x'G5 . /f;folgs agfj6
cnu cnu eosf w]/} yl/ r'gx? (Liming Materilas) ahf/df kfOG5g\ .
t;y{ k|of]u ug'{ eGbf klxn] tL r'gx?sf] SofN;Lod sfaf]{g]6 ;Fu a/fa/
x'g] dfqf (Calcium Carbonate Equivalent value) yfxf x'g' k5{ .
df6f]df r'g k|of]u ubf{ x'g] kmfObfx¿

• r'g k|of]un] df6f]df ;'Idh}ljs s[ofsnfk a9\b5 .

• jfo'd08nLo gfO6«f]hg l:yl/s/0f a9\b5 .
• lj?jfnfO{ cfjZos vfBtTj SoflN;od / DofUg]l;od
df6f]df ylkG5 .
• cfNd'lgod DofUlgh kmnfd cflbsf]
ljiffQmkgf 36\g'sf] ;fy} km:kmf]/;sf]
pknAwtf klg a9\b5 .
• lrD6\ofOnf] df6f]df r'g k|of]u ubf{ vghf]t
ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
• s[lif r'gsf] k|of]u slt ug]{ <
• df6f]df slt r'g k|of]u ug]{ eGg] s'/f df6f]sf]
lk=Pr=, k|fËfl/s kbfy{sf] dfqf / df6f]sf] agf}6
cflb s'/fx¿df e/ kb{5 . ;fwf/0ftof tn tflnsfdf lbOP
cg';f/ s[lif r'gsf] k|of]u ug{ l;kmfl/z ul/G5 .

• r'g k|of]u ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿

s[lif r'g afnL nufpg' eGbf @–# xKtf klxNo}
df6f]df lr:ofgsf] dfqf oYo:6 x'Fbf g} ldnfpg' kb{5 .
• w]/} cDnLo df6f] -lk=Pr= %=% eGbf sd_ df
s[lif r'g k|of]u Ps}rf]6L k|of]u gul/ @ k6s k|of]u
ug'{ kb{5 .
• s[lif r'gsf] k|of]u df6f] kl/If0f kl5 dfq ug'{ kb{5 .