GUJARAT TECHNOLOGOCAL UNIVERCITY

G.H. PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

A Presentation On
“PWM TECHNIQUES”
Subject: Control of Electric Drives
B. E. , Semester – 6 (2018-19)
(ELECTRICAL BRANCH)

SR. NO. NAME OF STUDENT ENROLLMENT NO.

1 Priyesh Bhalala 170113109002
2 Dilesh Yadav 160110109060
3 Shrey Thakkar 170113109012

1
 Introduction and definitions
 Types of PWM
 Methods of generation
 Characteristics of PWM
 Applications and examples
 Implementation on the HCS12

2
What is it?
 Output signal alternates between on and off within
specified period
 Controls power received by a device
 The voltage seen by the load is directly proportional
to the source voltage

3
Definitions
 Duty Cycle: on-time / period
 Vlow is often zero

VAVG  DVHI  (1  D)VLOW

4
Types of Pulse Width
 Pulse center fixed, edges modulated
 Leading edge fixed, tailing edge modulated
 Tailing edge fixed, leading edge modulated
 Pulse Width constant, period modulated

5
Types of Pulse Width

6
Analog Generation of PWM
Analog PWM signals can be made by combining a
saw- tooth waveform and a sinusoid

PWM output is
formed by the
intersection of
the saw-tooth
wave and
sinusoid

7
Digital Methods of Generating PWM
 Digital: Counter used to handle transition
 Delta : used to find the PWM at a certain limit
 Delta Sigma: used to find the PWM but has advantage of
reducing optimization noise

8
Applications to DC Motors
• The voltage supplied to a DC motor is proportional
to the duty cycle
• Both brushed and brushless motors can be used
with PWM
• Both analog and digital control techniques and
components are available

11
Three Phase AC motors with PWM
 3 different AC currents at
different phases
 Phase: 120 degrees apart
 Creates constant power
transfer
 Rotating magnetic field
 Pulses substitute for AC
current

Pulse Width Modulation - Val Tocitu,

10/29/2009 Jason Kulpe, Alex Mariuzza 12
Space Vector Modulation
 Used for three-phase AC motors
 Convert DC current to AC current
 Gates turned on/off at different intervals
 3 PWM created

13
Motor Control Diagrams

14
Advantages of PWM
• average value proportional to duty cycle, D
• low power used in transistors used to switch
the signal
• fast switching possible due to MOSFETS
and power transistors at speeds in excess
of 100 kHz
• digital signal is resistant to noise
• less heat dissipated versus using resistors
for intermediate voltage values

15
Disadvantages of PWM
 Cost
 Complexity of circuit
 Radio Frequency Interference
 Voltage spikes
 Electromagnetic noise

16