SAGAR INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY &

EXCELLENCE BHOPAL

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

A
DISSERTATION ON

ANALYSIS OF CABLE STAYED BRIDGE ( RAJA BHOJ

SETU) USING “A”, “H” AND “Y” TYPES OF PYLON FOR
I.R.C. LOADING”
SUBMITTED BY
Amit tripathi
0501CE15MT02
MTECH ( C.T.M.)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. Mayank Gupta
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Acknowledgement

I sincerely thank the following persons for their valuable suggestions

given by them during this MTech thesis work.
1. Dr. Ashish Dutta -Group Coordinator Projects
2. Dr. V P Saxena -Advisor Research ,SIRTS
3. Dr. Navin Chand –Group Advisor R&D and Projects

Amit tripathi
0501CE15MT02
 CONTENTS
Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Review of Literature

3. Problem Identification

4. Objectives

5. Methodology

6. Results & Analysis

7. Conclusions

8. References
 ABSTRACT
A bridge is a structure, which connects two ends of obstacle such as a river, valley, other road or
railway line for the purpose of providing smallest rout as possible and safe journey. A typical
cable stayed bridge consists of cable, deck, pylons and foundation.

In this Project work, live project of cable stayed bridge i.e. (Raja Bhoj Setu), Bhopal is
considered. It is located at V.I.P. road. It has been designed, constructed considering details and
hydraulic data as per site. In this study analysis of different types of pylon in cable stayed bridge
i.e. H-type, A-type and Y-type is presented to determine the most suitable type and compare it
with the executed H-type pylon.

Keywords: Staad.pro, Structure analysis, bridge, pylons, I.R.C., Cost analysis

 1. INTRODUCTION
• Bridge is an important structure required for the transportation network. Now a day with the fast
innovation in technology the conventional bridges have been replaced by the cost effective structured
system.

• In this research, Live project data and details (I.R.C. class 70R loading) are assigned using different
shapes pylon (A-type, Y-type and H-type).

• With the help of finite element method involves subdividing the actual structure into a suitable number
of sub-regions that are called finite elements. The intersection between the elements is called nodal.

• In this research work we are using Staad.pro analysis tool which is based on Finite element method.

• After analyzing these critical loads, the results will be compared in terms of forces, deflection,
reactions to determine the most suitable, stable and economical section.
 TYPES OF BRIDGES
A Bridge is a structure that is built over physical obstacles such as railway, river, or road for the purpose of

providing passage over the obstacle without closing the way underneath.

There are many types of bridges.

• Beam / Deck slab Bridge

• Arch Bridge

• Truss Bridge

• Suspension Bridge

• Cantilever Bridge

• Cable stayed Bridge

Fig:1 Different types of bridges

 Cable Stayed Bridge : A bridge in which the whole weight of deck is supported by a umber of
cables running directly to one or more pylon. It is similar to the suspension bridge but in cable
stayed bridge, cable suspender are not used.

Example :- Raja Bhoj Cable Stay Bridge (262 m).

Fig:2 View of Raja Bhoj Cable Stay Bridge, Bhopal

 Pylon
• Pylon are the load bearing compression member of the bridge. Function of Pylon is to support the cable
system and transfer the forces to foundation. Therefore, it is subjected to high axial forces and bending
moments. The material of construction can be concrete or steel depending upon soil condition and
construction speed required.

They are generally A shaped, H shaped, Y type, Inverted Y type, Delta type or diamond type.

Fig:3 Different type of Pylon

 2.REVIEW OF LITERATURE

YEAR Journal TITLE OF AUTHO BRIEF FINDINGS

PAPER RS

2017 Internation “Finite C In this paper, All loading and unloading conditions is analysis and
elemental Neeladhara design as per codal specifications for Suspension Cable Bridge using
journal of analysis of n et. al. SAP2000.
engineering cable stayed The output of the software presents results including moments, axial
bridge using
research and SAP2000” loads, shear force and displacements. Moreover, moments and axial
technology load at each node and at any point within the element can be easily
obtained from the software output.
YE Journal TITLE OF AUTHOR BRIEF FINDINGS
AR PAPER S

2017 International Seismic Shekhar S Illustrated that Cable stayed bridge are getting more prominent nowadays
Journal of response of Patil and in view of good steadiness and rich for long range bridges contrasted with
July Advanced cable stayed Jayant P different sorts of bridges. A cable stayed bridge is a bridge in which the
Research bridge with Patankar heaviness of the deck is bolstered by various cables running specifically
and different to at least one towers. Here spotlight is given on the impact of different
Developmen types of states of pylons, for example, Single pylon, A sort pylon and Inverted Y
t pylons of type pylon on the seismic reaction of cable stayed bridge. The impact of
various different statures of pylons on the seismic reaction of cable stayed bridge
heights additionally considered for study. The bridge range measurements and
different parameters are kept steady and just variety fit as a fiddle and
tallness of pylon is improved the situation similar investigation of pylon.
Single pylon is more grounded longitudinal way in opposing earthquake
drive while Inverted Y type pylon is more grounded sidelong way in
opposing earthquake constrain
YEAR Journal TITLE OF AUTHO BRIEF FINDINGS
PAPER RS

2017 International “Analysis Hussain Stated that the linear static analysis of Cable Stayed Bridges with different
and Design Hararwala
October journal of of cable shapes of pylons under its own weight. Concluded the following points
and Savita
regarding to the behaviour of Pylons such as the Axial Force in Pylon,
research and stayed bridge Maru
with Bending Moment in Pylon, and Shear Force in Pylon & Deflection at the top
development different
of Pylon. This study will be helpful for make an appropriate choice for the
pylon types”
shape of Pylon used for Cable Stayed Bridge in particular conditions.

2015 International “Non linear Raut and In present Study that finite element approach for the geometric nonlinear
analysis of Dubal
journal of bridge with aerostatic analysis of self anchored cable-stayed bridges with different pylon
vehicular configurations along with vehicular interaction. An optimum design of a
scientific
loading” cable-stayed bridge with minimum cost while achieving strength and
research
serviceability requirements is a challenging task.
YE Journal TITLE OF AUTHOR BRIEF FINDINGS
AR PAPER S

2015 International Comparative Kumudbandhu Exhibited computational investigation of cable stayed bridge, suspension bridge
Journal of Study of Poddar and T. and two sorts of composite kind bridge. It additionally presents another composite
Septe Innovative Cable Stayed, Rahman bridge demonstrate where the long range deck is upheld by stay cables and
mber Research in Suspension suspension cables at various parts along the entire longitudinal area of range. It
Science, and incorporates near examinations among these bridges. The Quincy Bayview Bridge
Engineering Composite situated in Illinois, USA is taken as a kind of perspective for cable stayed bridge
and Bridge display. The geometries of these three bridges are same other than of some
Technology essential auxiliary parts i.e. stay cables, suspension cables and holders. For the
correlation of these bridge models basic symmetries are considered. Static and
dynamic impacts of burdens are mulled over for the investigation of these bridges.
Investigation has been performed with the assistance of MIDAS CIVIL Software.
Results show the progressions come in execution and reaction of different
individuals from bridge because of the adjustment in draping design of
superstructure.
YE Journal TITLE OF AUTHOR BRIEF FINDINGS
AR PAPER S

2011 International Dead Load Tao Zhang Examined that for a cable-stayed bridges the cable powers are an
Conference Analysis of and ZhiMin imperative factor in the structure procedure. By breaking down a basic
on Cable- Wu auxiliary framework, the method utilizing the investigation program
Intelligent Stayed MiDAS is represented. The age of the model for the completed dead
Building and Bridge stage investigation is represented in detail, including the limit conditions
Management and varieties in stacking. The improvement strategy for obscure load
factor is utilized to decide the cable powers to accomplish a perfect state.
The perfect cable powers are built up and a development organize
investigation is performed. The greatest cable powers are ended up being
in as far as possible. The outcomes got uncovered that the strategy
displayed surely prompts ideal basic execution for the cablestayed bridge
specifically, and may be a helpful reference for the structure of other
comparable bridges.
 3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

• In all of the previous work static analysis of bridge is considered but

none of them defined the variation caused due to I.R.C. 70R loading.

• In previous studies no comparison was done on the effects of different

pylon shapes for same project.
 4. OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the present study are as follows:-

• Study of Cable Stayed Bridge with different pylon types under

Dynamic Loading Condition.

• To determine the most suitable type of pylon for cable stayed bridge
located at V.I.P. Bhopal.

• To determine the effect of pylon on deck of bridge.

• To calculate vehicular load as per I.R.C. 70R.

 5. METHODOLOGY
 Step-1: First step is collection of data related to cable stayed bridge considering
to software implementation and vehicular load.
 Step-2: Second step is to select cases and model it in staad.pro v8i 2017.

 Step-3: To assign section data and material properties.

 Step-4: To Assign support conditions.

 Step-5: To assign vehicle loading as per IRC 70R Loading.

 Step-6: To perform finite element analysis.

 Step-7: To prepare comparative result in M.S. excel.

 Step-8: To provide conclusion as per results.

Modelling of structure
Assign sectional details & Properties
Assign Support reactions
Assign Vehicular Load
Analysis
 R.C.C. bridge frame is modeled in analysis tool staad pro in which bridge is analyzed and optimized, and
vehicle loading (70R+A class) is considered as per I.R.C. Specifications, dead load as per 875 part-1
and superimposed live load as per 875 part-2 is calculated and applied.

Three cases have been considered for comparative analysis for cable diameter as 50, 60 and 70 mm:

 First Cable stayed bridge with H-type pylon.

 Second Cable stayed bridge with A-type pylon.

 Third Cable stayed bridge with Y-type pylon.

 Above activities are presented in fig 4: flow chart.

 Collection of data related to cable stayed bridge  Above activities are presented in fig 4: flow chart.

Cable Stayed Bridge

Types of Pylon

Assigning General Properties of the Structure

Hydraulic calculations

As per I.R.C class 70R loading Load calculation

DL as per 875-I LL as per 875-II I.R.C.

Dimensional Modeling of Bridge

STADD Pro V8i

Analysis

Stability Check

Result & Discussion

Conclusion

Fig. 4 Flow Chart

 DIFFERENT CASES CONSIDERED

I. A-type pylon bridge :

Fig:5 A-type pylon bridge

II. H-type Cable Stayed Bridge:

Fig:6 H-type pylon bridge

III. C. Y-type Cable Stayed bridge

Fig:7 Y-type pylon bridge

 Table 1: Details & Dimensions of Cable stayed bridge

S.NO Description Value

1 Length of Bridge 262 m.

2 Number of bays in X direction 52

3 Number of bays in Z direction 32 m

4 Width of the bridge section 15.90 m

5 Bay width in Z direction 3m

6 Support type Fixed support

 Table 2: Specification of material used
S.No. Description Value

1 Sections Standard

2 Young’s modulus of steel, Es 2.17x104 N/mm2

3 Concrete M-30

4 Main reinforcement Fe 415

5 Distribution Bar Fe 250

6 Cable 50, 60 & 70 mm Dia.

 Table 3: Loading conditions

S. No. Loading Type Standard

1 Dead Load I.S. 875-I
2 Live Load I.S. 875-II
3 Vehicle Load I.R.C. A-A Class Loading
Vehicle Loading
Vehicle Live Load: This is the important load in which the moving vehicle load gives the critical
values in term of bending moment & shear force etc. All these The design of bridges shall be in
accordance with the Indian I.R.C. Code of Practice for the Design.

Fig: 8: Vehicle Loading

 6. RESULTS & ANALYSIS
Result and Analysis found under different load i.e. Dead load, Live load, Vehicular load to find out the
parameters on which study is done:-

1. Shear force in KN.

2. Axial Force in KN.

3. Bending Moment in KN-m

4. Maximum deflection due to vehical loadings.

The results of analysis of considered structure have been represented in the form of tables and figures.
Inferences have been drawn based on the results so obtained.
Analysis of 50mm cable section

750

748.87
749

748

Bending moment kN-m 747

746

745
744.21
744.02
744

743

742

741
A-type H-type Y-type
Bending moment kN-m (50 mm cable dia.)

Fig 9: Bending moment (50mm)

 920

901.33
900

880
870.7

Shear force kN 860

840 835.45

820

800
A-type H-type Y-type
Shear force kN (50 mm cable dia.)

Fig. 10: Shear force in 50 mm

Analysis of 60mm cable section
691
690.44

690

689

Bending moment kN-m 688 687.77

687

686.09
686

685

684

683

A-type H-type Y-type

Bending moment kN-m (60 mm cable dia.)

Fig 11: Bending moment in 60 mm

 900
889.9

880

860

841.9
Shear force kN

840

820

802.55
800

780

760

740

A-type H-type Y-type

Shear force kN (60 mm cable dia.)

Fig 12: Shear force in 60 mm

Since unbalance force are occurring in both cases i.e. 50 mm & 60 mm dia. Cable, value is above permissible
Limit therefore these cable diameter can not be consider for structure design.
 RESULTS & ANALYSIS
Shear force kN

360

358 357.12

356

354 353.56

Shear Force kN 352

350

348

346 345.34

344

342

340

338

A-type H-type Y-type

Max. Shear Force kN

Fig 13: Shear force in 70 mm

 Bending Moment kN-m

150
148.93

148

146 145.54

Bending moment kN-m 144

142

140

138.04
138

136

134

132

A-type H-type Y-type

Max. Bending Moment kN-m

Fig 14: Bending moment in 70 mm

 Axial Force kN

1600

1376.19
1400
1282.5

1200
1024.15
Axial Force kN
1000

800

600

400

200

A-type H-type Y-type

Max. Axial Force kN

Fig 15: Axial force in 70 mm

 Deflection mm

54

52.33
52

50.23

Deflection in mm
50

48

46 45.2

44

42

40

A-type H-type Y-type

Maximum deflection (mm)

Fig 15: Deflection in 70 mm

 7. CONCLUSIONS
As the aim of this study is to compare these three types of pylon for a Live project. It is determined that

A type pylon is most suitable, stable and resistible whereas H-type pylon is second best and Y type is
observed as third best.

7.1.1 Deflection

In case of deflection we observed in above chapter that maximum deflection is obtained in Y-type
pylon 52.33 mm whereas least is observed in A-type pylon 45.2 mm, which concludes that A-type
pylon is most suitable and stable section in comparison.
7.1.2. Bending Moment

In terms of bending moment it is observed that maximum bending is in Y-type pylon i.e. 148.93 kN-m,
whereas minimum is observed in A-type pylon i.e. 138.04 kN-m which shows that A-type pylon is
comparatively most economical in comparison as bending moment is directly proportional to
reinforcement requirement.

7.1.3. Shear Force

Shear force in known as the unbalance force observed due to transmission of load from beam to
column, in our study maximum value is observed in Y-type pylon i.e. 357.12 kN, whereas minimum in
A-type pylon i.e. 345.34 kN.
7.1.4. Axial Force

Axial force is known as the vertical force observe in piers, this force is meant to distribute load from
pier to earth. In our study maximum axial force is observed in Y-type i.e. 1376.19 kN, whereas
minimum in A-type pylon i.e. 1024.15 kN, thus A-type pylon require minimum cross sectional piers
for load distribution.

7.1.5 Deck Analysis:

In Deck analysis using Finite element method it can be observed that analysis is resulting in small
nodal distribution of slab for proper analysis, In which number of nodal are resulting forces out of
which maximum value is considered.
 Types of Pylon

S.No. Parameters A-type H-type Y-type Unit

1 Shear Force 345.34 353.56 357.12 KN

138.04 145.54 148.93

2 Bending Moment KN-m

3 Axial Force 1024.15 1282.5 1376.19 KN

4 Deflection 45.2 50.23 52.33 mm

 8.Future Scope
In this analysis three different types of pylon are considered whereas in future following further steps
can be consider are as follows:

 In future different spans can be compare for same loading condition.

 In future Different type of bridges can be consider for analysis.

 In future Other methods of analysis can be consider as in this study F.E.M. is considered.

 In future cost analysis can be done using schedule of rates.

 9. REFERENCES
1. Bridge Rules specifying the loads for design of super structure and substructure of bridges and
for assessment of the strength of existing bridges.

2. C Neeladharan et. al, Analysis and Design of Suspension Cable Bridge.

3. IRC: 6-2014 Section –II (Loads And Stesses) standard specifications and code of practice for
road bridges

4. IRC: 21 Section –III Cement Concrete (plain and reinforced) standard specifications and code of
practice for road bridges.

5. EN 1991-2 Euro code for traffic loads on bridges

6. IS-456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.

7. IS-875 Code of practice for design loads.

8. IS-432 Part 1-1982 Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars.

9. IS-1786:2008 High strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete reinforcement -
Specification.

10. IS-1893:2002 Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures.

11. IRS Bridge Manual : 1998

12. Rajesh F. Kale et. al, Analysis of a T beam girder bridge.

13. Rajamoori Arun Kumar and B. Vamsi Krishna (Aug. 2014) (Design and Analysis of a
prestressed bridge considering post tensioning method)