Seminar Coordinator

Mr. Yadav Krishna Kumar Rajnath

Assistant Professor
I.E.R.T. Prayaraj, U.P.
 INTRODUCTION
 PRINCIPLE OF MAGLEV TRAINS
 POSITIVES & NEGATIVES
 POWER AND ENERGY
 COMPARISON
 ECONOMICS
 APPLICATIONS
 COCLUSION
What do MAGLEV stands for?
MAGLEV = MAGNETIC + LEVITATION

Any thing which may levitate(raise or float) by means

of a magnetic power is simply called as magnetic
levitation.
 Meaning : • A Latin word meaning lightness.
 • Process by which an object is suspended by a physical
force against gravity, in a stable position without any
solid physical contact.

 Principle : • First a force is required vertically upwards

and equal to the gravitational force.
 • Second for any small displacement of the levitating
object a returning force should appear to stabilize it.

 Major Types : • Electromagnetic levitation • Buoyant

levitation • Aerodynamic levitation
 Definition:
 • Magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is
suspended with no support other than magnetic field.
 Principle:
 • Magnetic pressure is used to counteract the effects of the
gravitational and any other activities.
 Magnetic Field:
 • A magnetic field is a field of force produced by a magnetic
object or particle, or by a changing electrical field.
 • It is detected by the force it exerts on other magnetic
materials and moving electric charges.
 Magnetic pressure:
 • Any magnetic field has an associated pressure that is
contained by the boundary conditions on the field.
 Maglev trains have to perform the following
functions to operate in high speeds
 1.Levitation 2.Propulsion

 3.Lateral Guidance
 The passing of the superconducting magnets
through levitation coils on the side of the track
induces a current in the coils and creates a magnetic
field. This pushes the train upward so that it can
levitate 10 cm above the track.

 •The train does not levitate until it reaches 50 mph,

so it is equipped with retractable wheels.
 An alternating current is ran through electromagnet
coils on the guide walls of the guide way. This
creates a magnetic field that attracts and repels the
superconducting magnets on the train and propels
the train forward.

 •Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating

current in the reverse direction so that it is slowed
by attractive and repulsive forces.
 When one side of the train nears the side of the
guideway, the super conducting magnet on the train
induces a repulsive force from the levitation coils on
the side closer to the train and an attractive force
from the coils on the farther side.

 This keeps the train in the center.

 There are 2 notable types of maglev technology:-
•Electromagnetic suspension(EMS)
•Electrodynamic suspension(EDS)
 Electromagnets attached to the train
 Has ferromagnetic stators on the track and levitate
the train.
 Has guidance magnets on the sides
 A computer changes the amount of current to keep
the train 1 cm from the track.
 Max speed -438km/hr
 Has on-board battery power supply.
 Super cooled superconducting magnets under the
train. Levitate about 10 cm.
 The field in the train due to superconducting
magnets(JR-Maglev) or an array of permanent
magnets(Inductrack).
 The force in the track is created by induced
magnetic field in wires or conducting strips in the
track.
 Naturally stable. Requires no feedback control.
 Requires retractable wheels at low speed , max
speed – 522km/hr
 Energy is used to make the Maglev train levitate and
to stabilise the movement.
 Main part of the energy used to overcome the air
drag.
 For very short distances the energy for accelerating
is considerable.
 But the power used to overcome the air drag
increases with square of velocity and hence
dominates at high speed.
 The initial investment is similar to other high speed
rail roads. (Maglift is $20-$40 million per mile and I-
279 in Pittsburg cost $37 million per mile 17 years
ago.)
 Operating expenses are half of that of other
railroads.
 A train is composed of sections that each contain
100 seats, and a train can have between 2 and 10
sections.
 The linear generators produce electricity for the
cabin of the train.
 TESTING TRACKS
 120 m test track of General Atomics at San Diego , USA.
 Tranrapid , a German maglev company has test track at
Emsland , Germany of length 31.5km.
 JR-Maglev , Japan has a test track that can reach a speed
of 581km/hr. IMPORTANT OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS
 Linimo , Japan – commercially automated urban maglev
system commenced on March 2005.
 Shangai maglev train , China – EMS high speed system
started operation on April 2004.
 HML 03 – The first EMS maglev opened to public at
Daejeon South Korea in 1993.
 They consume less energy.
 Require no engine.
 Move faster than normal trains because they are not
affected by ground friction; their rights-of-way,
meanwhile, cost about the same to build.
 Incompatible with existing rail lines, unlike
traditional highspeed rail.
 Initial cost is very high
 Wikipedia –”Maglev Trains”
 Science reporter magazine October 2014.
 Heller, Arnie (June 1998). "A New Approach for
Magnetically Levitating Trains—and Rockets".
Science & Technology Review.
 Hood, Christopher P. (2006). Shinkansen – From
Bullet Train to Symbol of Modern Japan. Routledge.
 Science journal.’Maglev train’ April 19, 2010,
http://science.howstuffworks.com/maglev-
train.htm