Biomass Energy Technology

Dissemination Experience in
Rural Nepal

Mr. Prajwal Raj Shakya,

Technical Expert- Consultant
Alternative Energy Promotion Centre
PRShakya 1
PRShakya 2
PRShakya 3
Energy Consumption Status of Nepal

PRShakya 4
 Context of Biomass Energy Consumption Status

Total
Total
Residential Energy
Energy Consumption
SectorConsumption
Energy byby Sectors
Fuel
Consumption by Types (2011/12)
(2011/12)
Fuel type (2011/12)

Majority of this fuelwood is used

Agri residue; 4.40% for HH cooking
Alternative; 1.50% Animal waste;Alternatives;
and heating purpose in Traditional Cook Stoves
6.31% Other biomass;
Petroleum; 1.20% 0.10%
Other Petroleum; 0.10% 12.30%
Commercial; 3.42% Agricultural ; 1.17% Other; 0.04%
Transport ; 7.11%
LPG; 1.90%Coal; 3.90%
(TCS)
Industrial; 7.90%
Grid Electricity;
Kerosene; 0.40%
2.80%
Grid Electricity;Animal
1.60%waste;
5.10% Fuelwood;
Agri residue;
3.50% Fuelwood; 83.78%
71.10%
Residential ; 80.36%

Total Energy Consumption: 376.3 million GJ

PRShakya 5
Total Energy Consumption in Residential Sector: 302.3 million GJ
Context of Biomass Energy Consumption Status

Rural Vs Urban Cooking Energy, 2011

PRShakya 6
 Residential Sector Energy Consumption by Fueltypes and Sub Sector –
2011/12

Energy Classification Sub-sector

Fueltypes G. Total %
Primary Secondary Tertinary Rural Urban
Fuelwood 228200.4 24961.8 253162.2 83.7%
Traditional Agri residue 13225.7 0.0 13225.7 4.4%
Conventio
biomass Animal waste 19112.0 0.0 19112.0 6.3%
nal
reneables Other biomass 85.6 253.5 339.1 0.1%
Renewabl Modern Biogas 4328.1 0.0 4328.1 1.4%
e biomass Biobriquette 0.0 35.7 35.7 0.0%

Grid electricity 1532.0 3291.7 4823.7 1.6%

New renewable
Dec electricity 292.8 0.0 292.8 0.1%
Solar 8.5 0.0 8.5 0.0%
Renewable Total 266785.0 28542.7 295327.8 97.7%
LPG 1336.9 4364.1 5701.0 1.9%
Non
Fossil fuel Petroleum Kerosene 880.5 269.9 1150.4 0.4%
renewable
Other petro 30.8 180.8 211.6 0.1%
Non renewable Total 2248.2 4814.8 7063.0 2.3%
Others Others: battery 0.4 1.3 1.7 0.0%
Grand Total 269033.7 33358.8 302392.5 100.0%
Percent 89.0% 11.0% 100.0%

PRShakya 7
Source: Field survey, WECS Unit: 000 GJ
 90.2% 87.1% 79.7% 80.0%

Changes in Energy
Consumption Pattern over
Years

Consumption of traditional fuel (Biomass) is not going

to be reduced significantly within the following
decade

PRShakya 8
Source: National Survey of Energy Consumption and Supply Situation in Nepal, WECS
 Opportunity for Cleaner Cooking Solutions
Number of Households by Main Cooking Fuel
 4.03 million out of 5.42 million (~75%) households use solid biomass

PRShakya 9
Data source: CBS, 2012
Existing Rural Scenario triggering the need
of intervention in Biomass Energy Sector
PRShakya 10
PRShakya 11
TCS in a Tamang HH: Dolakha
TCSPRShakya
in a Chhetri HH: Dolakha 12
 TCS in a Tharu HH: Dang
PRShakya 13
 TCS in a Gurung HH: Ilam
PRShakya 14
 TCS in a Gurung HH: Ilam
PRShakya 15
rious chemicals present in wood burning smok
(~g/kg emission factors)
• Carbon Monoxide 80-370
• Methane 14-25 • Particulate Acidity . 7x10-3 - 7x10-2
• VOCs (C2-C7) 7-27 • Normal alkanes (C24-C30) 1x10-3 - 6x10-3
• Aldehydes 0.65.4 • Oxygenated PAHs 0.15-1
• Formaldehyde 0.1-0.7 • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
• Acrolein 0.02-0.1 Fluorene 4x10-5 - 1.7x10-2
• Propionaldehyde 0.1-0.3 Phenanthrene 2x10-5 - 3.4x10-2
Anthracene 5x10-5 - 2.1x10-5
• Butryaldehyde 0.01-1.7 Methylanthracenes 7xl0-5 - 8x10-5
• Acetaldehyde 0.03-0.6 Fluoranthene 7xl0-4- 4.2xl0-2
Pyrene 8x10-4 - 3.1x10-2
• Furfural 0.2-1.6 1.6 Benzo(a)anthracene 4x10-4 - 2x10-3
• Substituted Furans 0.15-1.7 Chrysene 5x104- 1x10-2
Benzofluoranthenes 6x10-4- 5x10-3
• Benzene 0.6-4.0 Benzo(e)pyrene 2x104 - 4x10-3
• Alkyl Benzenes 1-6 Benzo(a)pyrene 3x104- 5x10-3
• Perylene 5x10-5 - 3x10-3
Toluene 0.15-1.0 Ideno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 2xl0-4- 1.3x10-2
• Acetic Acid 1.8-2.4 Benz(ghi)perylene 3x10-5- 1.lx10-2
• Formic Acid 0.06-0.08 Coronene 8x10-4- 3x10-3
Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene 3x104- lx10-3
• Nitrogen Oxides (NO,NO2) 0.2-0.9 Retene 7x10-3 - 3x10-2
• Sulfur Dioxide 0.16-0.24 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 2x10-5 - 2xl0-3
• Methyl chloride 0.01-0.04 • Trace Elements
Cr 2x10-5 - 3x10-3
• Napthalene 0.24-1.6 Mn 7xl0-5 - 4x10-3
• Substituted Napthalenes 0.3-2.1 Fe 3x10-4 - 5x10-3
Ni lxl0-6 - lx10-3
• Oxygenated Monoaromatics 1-7 Cu 2x10-4 - 9x10-4
• Guaiacol (and derivatives) 0.4-1.6 Zn 7xl0-4 - 8x10-3
Br 7x10-5 - 9x10-4
• Phenol (and derivatives) 0.2-0.8 Pb lx10-4 -3x10-3
• Syringol (and derivatives) 0.7-2.7 Elemental Carbon 0.3 - 5
• Catechol (and denvatives) 0.2-0.8 • Cyclic di-and triterpenoids
Dehydroabietic acid 0.01 - 0.05
• Particulate Organic Carbon 2-20 PRShakya Isopimaric acid 0.02 - 0.10 16
• Chlorinated dioxins 1xl0-5 - 4x10-5 Lupenone 2x10-3 - 8x10-3
 Environme
Environme
Health
Health nt
nt
••ALRI
ALRI(Acute
(Acutelower
lower ••Deforesta
Deforesta
respiratory
respiratoryinfection)
infection) tion
tion
••COPD
COPD(Chronic
(Chronic ••GHG
GHG
obstructive
obstructive pulmonary
pulmonary emission
emission
diseases)
diseases)

More than three million people in

Nepal are still using TCS
More than 22,000 deaths/year in
Nepal attributed
Traditiona
to IAP
Women’s
Women’sDrudgery
Drudgery Poverty
Poverty
••Drudgery
Drudgeryononfuel
fuelwood
wood l Cooking ••Waste
Wasteofofproductive
productive
collection
collection Stove time
time
••Vulnerable
Vulnerableto
tohealth
health effects ••Unnecessary
Unnecessary
problem
problem(women
(womenandand expenditure
expenditureonon
PRShakya 17
children)
children) health remedies
health remedies
 Emission measurement - Particulate Matter

WHO Air Quality

Guidelines

Typical 24-hour 1minute kitchen concentrations of PM2.5 before and after installation of ICS
PRShakya 18
 Emission measurement - Carbon Monoxide

Study on 2008 & 2009 indicated that IAP was reduced by 62%
(both PM & CO) with the use of ICS

Typical 24-hour 1minute kitchen concentrations of CO before and after installation of ICS
PRShakya 19
Current facts and challenges in ICS dissemination

• 75% of rural and peri-urban HHs depend on fuelwood

for cooking and heating.
• Around 3 million HHs still use traditional and inefficient
cooking stoves.
• Traditional Biomass fuel (esp. fuelwood, agro-residue)
are almost freely available…… adding challenge to switch
towards cleaner fuel and high tier stoves.
• Women’s Priority for Cookstove falls under 24th rank!
• Estimate on death due to IAP in Nepal:
• 22,800 deaths per year (latest estimate by IAP Health Forum –
Nepal, 2017)
• 8,700 deaths per year (WHO estimate for 2009)
PRShakya 20
 List of various MSMEs having potential of using biomass combustion technology

Lapsi/ Candy
Dalmoth, Chips
Processing

Hard Cheese/
Tea Drying
Churpi production

Beverage (Distillery) Ginger Drying

Herbal plant /
Hotel and
essential oil
Restaurant
processing
PRShakya 21
 List of various MSMEs having potential of using biomass combustion technology

Allo, Heap, Banana,

Medical herbs
Argeli, Elaichi
Processing
Processing

Handmade Paper Dairy Industry

Alaichi
(Cardamom) Coffee Processing
Processing

Wool/ Thread
Bakery/ Bread
Dyeing
PRShakya 22
 Alternative Energy Promotion Centre

Promoted
Bio-Energy
Technologies Improved Cookstoves/
Combustion devices
Biogas
(HH and Institutional)

Biofuel Briquettes/ Pellets

Thermal / Electrical
PRShakyaSystems
Gasifier 23
Initiatives for promotion of Bio-Energy
technologies by AEPC

• Policy level support for promotion

• Capacity building of producers (Local community,
Companies)
• Market identification / development
• Awareness generation
• Technology piloting
• Research, studies
• Disburse GoN Subsidy
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Improved Cooking
Stoves (ICS)
Dissemination

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 GoN Subsidy Provision for ICS

• No direct subsidy will be provided for the promotion of

household mud improved cooking stoves
• Metallic Cooking and heating stoves: Up to 50% but not
exceeding Rs. 3,000 (1-2 pot stove) and Rs. 4,000 (3 pot
stove)
• Institutional stove: Rs.20,000 per stove (public school,
public hospital/health post, police and army barracks,
religious places and orphanage homes for cooking and
space heating purposes)
• Rocket cook stoves: Rs. 3,000 (rural and peri-urban areas)
• Gasifier system household cook stoves: Rs. 4,000 (rural and
peri-urban areas)
PRShakya 26
 Solid Biomass Cooking Technologies
Around 1.3 million ~6 GWh electrical energy
per day (assuming 2kWh
consumption for cooking
only by each HH/day)

Around 3 million

PRShakya 27
 Intervention through ICS dissemination

ICS Growth Trend in Nepal

1,400,000 1,295,575

1,200,000
1,017,686
1,000,000 876,815
744,664
800,000
615,216
526,313
600,000
437,876
376,945
337,052
313,221
400,000 272,018

2015-2016 ->73,161
212,651
164,190
130,296
200,000 89,127
84,570
80,985 106,673
99,687
93,684 113,327
106,783
56,446
48,981
41,883 76,138
65,423
63,977
19,753
12,538
57 1145,918 34,338
27,002
-
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 201 201
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

PRShakya AEPC dissemination 28

 Achievements made so far on biomass cookstove sector

• 1.3+ million mud improved cooking stoves has been disseminated

among rural household throughout the country
• 24,000 Metallic heating and cooking ICS has been disseminated under
subsidy scheme in high hills
• ~90,000+ Portable Metallic ICS disseminated among Earthquake
Victims’ households, Targeted Groups, Dalit and Endangered Indigenous
Communities
• Institutional ICS promoted at public institutions such as police stations,
schools, orphanage, religious places, old-age homes, MSMEs, etc.
• 200+ IAP free VDCs declared
• 4000+ Stove masters/promoters trained.
PRShakya 29
 Achievements made so far on biomass cookstove sector

• Formation of Nepal Alliance of Clean Cookstoves (NACC) in leadership of

AEPC with active involvement for the campaign of Clean CCS4ALL which
has been envisaged to attain by 2022 in Biomass Energy Strategy 2017.
• IAP study done on 2008 & 2009. Further health impact study is being
carried out in four areas of Nepal by taking geographical variations with
piloting of tier-3 level stove continuous use demonstration for six
months and result will be compiled within the year of 2018.
• Quality Assurance:
• Development of cookstove standard, NIBC 2014 updated to 2016 and
implemented successfully
• Cookstove testing lab at RETS strengthened in par with international
standard
• Close collaboration with NBSM for ISO standardization via ISO TC 285:
Clean Cookstoves and Clean Cooking Solution
PRShakya 30
 Achievement in Solid Biomass Energy Sector
• Trainigs and Design of standard ICS & IICS:
• School Meal Programme
• MSMEs: Lokta factories, Pashmina Industries, Dyeing Industries etc.

• Local capacity development of portable metallic ICS

manufacturer for mass scale production with automation (1500
units per month).
• Casting parts for IICS non-local materials: mass production &
durability

PRShakya 31
Testing Facilities Developed
Renewable Energy Test Station (RETS)
Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)
Khumaltar, Lalitpur

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Field Testing

PRShakya 33
Nepal Interim Benchmark for solid biomass Cookstoves
(NIBC, 2016)

** Fugitive emission value for chimney stoves.

Safety and Durability performance
PRShakya
are also to be fulfilled
34
 Emerging Tiers System

ISO TC 285 – Voluntary performance targets – based on WHO values

PRShakya 35
Options for addressing household cooking energy needs

Biogas

ICS

PRShakya 36
The energy ladder: Energy & development linkage
Cooking options based on availability
and national resources

Scarcity Electricity

Cooking habit constraint Solar Electricity

Scarcity / Imported LPG

Site / livestock specific Biogas

Scarcity / Imported Kerosene

Biomass Briquettes/ Pellets Modern biomass solution

ICS Traditional biomass solution

The energy ladder: Energy & development linkage

PRShakya 37
 New Biomass Energy Technologies and Biomass Energy Potential

Biomass Densification Biomass Gasification

PRShakya 38
PRShakya 39
Traditional animal dung briquettes used as cooking fuel

PRShakya 40
Distribution of Potential Biomass Resources in Nepal

PRShakya 41
Source: Gasifier feasibility study report, VERDICT, 2011
 Potential Biomass Energy Resources availability for
modern biomass fuel production

Agro residues: (Husk, stalk, cob, straw)

Paddy, Maize, Millet, Wheat, Buckwheat, Barley,
Oil seed, Sugarcane, Jute, Soybean, Blackgram,
Cotton, Coconut, Ground nut. (Total: 28,994,000
PRShakya 42
 Potential Biomass Energy Resources availability for
modern biomass fuel production

Industrial waste:
Saw dust, wood chips (TCN: average value 116,963
ft3) (Veneer industry: 758,440 tons per day ),

PRShakya 43
 Potential Biomass Energy Resources availability for
modern biomass fuel production

Forest residue:
Twigs and branches (285 million cubic meters), pine needles
(4.5million tons), weeds/ invasive plants (banmara: 17 tons/ha
annually in E-W Highways only, banmasa, lantana camera, tite-
pati, besaram jhar, Mikania: 600,000 tons of dried Mikania in
20 Terai districts only, etc.), saal leaves(2,019,600 tons of leaf
PRShakya 44
litter per year)
 Potential Biomass Energy Resources availability for
modern biomass fuel production

Municipal Solid Waste:

Paper, wood, textile (2813.13 tons per day by 58
municipalities)
PRShakya 45
 BIOMASS DENSIFICATION
Densification is the general process of compressing the loose biomass to obtain
compact solid shape or form using pressure, heat, binder.

These technologies are also known as pelleting, briquetting, or agglomeration.

WHY DENSIFY BIOMASS?

1. Homogenize diverse biomass feedstocks into one form
• Reduce handling difficulties
• Convert multiple biomass materials into single, durable form
2. Increase energy density
• Higher energy density reduces transportation cost
• Reduce unneeded oxygen content in densified product
3. Improve storage stability and logistics of delivery
• Develop robust pelletization methods & reduce dust
• Reduce chemical activity
• Increase weather/ water resistance
• Address seasonality of some feedstocks
4. Seamlessly integrate densified biomass into coal gasification and combustion
• Infrastructure compatibility – “drop-in” replacement for fossil fuel
• Economy for utilisation
• Systematic benefits (e.g. reduce fossil carbon emissions)
PRShakya 46
BIOMASS DENSIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES DISSEMINATION
Biomass Briquettes and Pellets

Carbonised Non Carbonised

High pressure
compression

Low pressure
compression
PRShakya 47
Some of the existing competitive
briquette industries in the market
Non-carbonised (high pressure compression) briquette manufacturers:
• Mhepi Briquette Udyog , Nawalparasi
• Shubha Biomass Pvt Ltd , Chitwan
• Jaibik Urja Nepal Company, Bhairawa
• Majgaon briquette Udyog , Lumbini
• Indira Sugar Mills, Nawalparasi
• Green City Briquette Udyog , Bhumisthali
• Namuna Briquette Industry , Chitwan
•Currently, non carbonised briquettes are consumed at Hotels,
•
•
Mahakali Sugar Mills, Dhangadi
Annapurna Sugar Mills , Sarlahi
restaurants, industries for boilers etc.
• Batabaran Biofuel Pvt.Ltd, Chapali Bhadrakali
• Makalu Jadibuti Production Factory, Tankhuwa, Dhankuta
•Carbonised briquettes are used at HH for space heating and cooking,
• Green Biomass Industries, Budhanilkantha, Kathmandu
• Gorkha Energy & Environment Pvt Ltd, Gorkha
restaurants etc.
• Universal Biomass Briquette, Katahari, Morang
• Others……

Non-carbonised (low pressure, waste biomass) briquette producer:

• Foundation of Sustainable Technology (FoST), Kathmandu
• Other local producers…..
Carbonised briquette manufacturers: (Beehive briquette)
• Himalayan Naturals Private Limited (HNPL), Kathmandu
• Jor Ganesh Bio-Briquette Udhyog, Sindhupalchowk
• Mahila Jagaran Samiti, Manmaiju, Kathmandu
PRShakya 48
• Other community based local producers…..
BIOMASS DENSIFICATION
Common use of Briquettes

PRShakya 49
 Initiatives for promotion of Biomass Densified Fuel
(Briquetting) replacing coal and raw fuelwood use
• Demonstration on use of briquettes and charred biomass as
clean alternative fuel for Brick Kilns replacing coal.

Presently 800 brick kilns consume about 450,000 tons of

Coal costing 12 billion rupees annually

PRShakya 50
 Initiatives for promotion of Biomass Densified Fuel
(Briquetting) replacing coal and raw fuelwood use
• Promotion of non-carbonized pellets (biomass based fuel) in
MSME sector via technical and market assessment in Nepal
(eg. Dyeing industries)

PRShakya 51
Advantages on use of biomass fuel (Char, Briquette) in Brick
Kilns

• Reduction of dependency on imported Coal and its

associated quality concerns.
• Control of emission levels which is the major concern in
brick kilns (SPM, SOx, NOx, CO, CO2).
• Improve in quality of the brick.
• Economy in fuel cost (once effective biomass fuel supply
chain / market is developed).
• Health impact (reduced exposure to the emission for
workers and neighboring area),
• Socio-economic benefit (employment generation).

PRShakya 52
 Initiatives for promotion of Biomass Fuel Densification
(Briquetting) technology by AEPC
• Recommendation for 1% custom duty charge on import of biofuel
producing machinery and parts.
• Training on production of briquettes at community level.
• Stakeholder /Demonstration workshops
• Study on Technical Parameters for Quality Assurance of Biomass
Briquettes.
• Studies related to potential and feasibility of Biomass Briquette.
• Inventory of Biomass Briquetting in Nepal
• Support for biomass testing laboratory at RETS/NAST for testing
biomass stoves as well as biomass fuel.
• “Developing policy framework and business model to promote
sustainable use of biomass briquettes in Nepal” through CTCN
technical assistance
• Collaboration with relevant partners
PRShakya
on dissemination. 53
PRShakya 54
 GoN Subsidy Provision for Gasifier Systems
• Maximum subsidy amount of up to 50% of the plant cost but
not exceeding Rs. 150,000 will be provided to metallic
gasifier plant for thermal applications for agro-processing by
small, medium and cottage enterprises.
• Biomass electrification projects above 5 kW up to 100 kWp in
areas not connected through national grid or other sources

PRShakya 55
 BIOMASS GASIFICATION
What is Biomass Gasification?

• Gasification is essentially the

conversion of biomass to a
combustible gas (CO, H2 and
CH4) called “Producer Gas” or
“Syn Gas”

• This gas can then be burnt

directly for thermal application
or fed in Gas Engine Gensets to
produce electricity
PRShakya 56
BIOMASS GASIFICATION

PRShakya Source: Basu, P.,

57
 BIOMASS GASIFICATION
Typical Producer Gas Properties
Particulars Rice Husk as biomass Woody Biomass
CO 15-20% 15-20%
H2 10-15% 15-20%
CH4 Upto 4% Upto 3%
N2 45-55% 45-50%
CO2 8-12% 8-12%
Gas C.V. in kcal/Nm3 Above 1050 Above 1100
Gas generated in 2 2.5
Nm3/Kg of biomass
PRShakya 58
 BIOMASS GASIFICATION
Feedstock
Wide range of biomass can be used as fuel for
gasifier including forest and agro-residues such as:
• Wood Pieces, Chips and Woody Waste
• Rice Husk
TREES ARE NOT
• Coconut Shells
THE SOURCE OF
• Mustard and Cotton Stalk FEEDSTOCK FOR
• Bamboo Pieces GASIFIERS
• Tea and Coffee Waste BUT
THE WOODY
• Corncob BIOMASS RESIDUE
• Sugarcane baggasse AND
AGRICULTURAL
RESIDUES ARE !!!!!
PRShakya 59
 BIOMASS GASIFICATION
Applications
Power Generation Thermal Applications

• Village Electrification • Hot Air Generators

• IrrigationCommercial
Pumping value for Byproducts of gasifier
• Dryers
• Captive1. Power
Char – Briquettes, Incense • making
Boilers
(Industries)
2. Ash – Fertilizer, fly ash in •cement production
Thermic Fluid
3. Tar
• Grid-fed – Cosmetic
Power from value, black topping
Heaters
Energy Plantations on • Ovens
Wastelands
• Furnaces & Kilns
• Simultaneous Charcoal
and Power
Production PRShakya 60
 BIOMASS GASIFICATION

Gasifier For
Gasifier
Electrification
for Thermal Energy

A typical configuration of a gasifier system coupled with internal combustion engines

PRShakya 61
 Estimated Potential of Biomass
Energy in Nepal from Various
Biomass Sources
Potential
S.N Source of Biomass Capacity Remarks
(in MW)

1 Sustainable fuel wood 800 7.0 million t/year and 1.0 kg/kW

12 million t/year from five main

2 Agro residue 700 crop type and
2 Kg/kW
4.6 million t/year (28 kg/m3 &
3 Collectible dung 23 1.25 kW/m3)
Forest and other agro
4 To be assessed
residue

5 Biofuel To be assessed

Source: PRShakya 62 2010

Gasifier-prefeasibility report, Winrock International,
Biomass Thermal Gasifier based technologies piloted
under AEPC
• Hot air generation for tea and herbs drying

PRShakya 63
• Gasifier based cardamom drying process

PRShakya 64
Biomass Gasifier based technologies piloted at Rural Community for electrification

Lamiduwali VDC

Madhubangoth VDC
Kanakpur VDC

Jagannathpursira VDC
Belwajabdi Village PRShakya 65
Some examples of installations by Private
Companies
• Bhudeo Khadya Udhyog, Lalbandi, 400 kWe
• Rajesh Metal Craft, Kathmandu, Nepal, 700 kW th & 500 kWe
• Hulas Steel Industries Ltd., Simara, Bara, Nepal, 800 kW th & 300 kWe
• Makwana Biscuit, Hetuda, Nepal, 250 kW th
• Kwality Diet and Food Products (P) Ltd. Dhubi, Nepal 600 kW th
• Hulas Steel Industries Ltd., Simara, Nepal, (550 x 2) 1100 kW th
• Hulas Wire Industries Ltd. Biratnagar, Nepal 600 kW th
• Dabur Nepal Pvt. Ltd., Bara, Nepal, 1200 kW th
• Rajesh Metal Crafts Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal, 1200 kW th
• Pioneer Wires Limited, Biratnagar : 350 kWth
• Hulas Wire Industries Limited,PRShakya
Biratnagar, 500 kW th 66
Biogas (HH and Institutional)

Biogas

Estimated Potential Basis Achievement So far

At existing livestock
1.1 million plants 400,000 + nos.
population

PRShakya 67
 Composition of Biogas
Substances Symbol Percentage
Basic parts of Biogas Plant Methane CH4 50-70

Carbon dioxide CO2 30-40

Hydrogen H2 5-10

Water Vapor H2O (Vapor) 1-2

Nitrogen N2 0.3

Hydrogen Sulphide H2S Traces

PRShakya 68
Biogas Dissemination in
Nepal
\.

PRShakya 69
 GoN Subsidy Provision for Biogas Plant

• Domestic
Biogas
Plant

• Waste to
Energy
based
Biogas
Plant
Small: 12.5-35 cum

Medium: >35-100 cum

Large: > 100 cum

PRShakya 70
 Achievements in Domestic Biogas Sector
• 400,000+ domestic biogas installed so far (90+% are operational)
– >60 % in DAG household
– About 80% Toilet Attached (current trend)
– 1.9 million + rural population served
– USD 7.0 million CDM fund received
– 126+ private biogas companies created and active, 10,000+ employment
– Few women owned and managed biogas companies
– 17 appliances manufacturing workshops
– GGC 2047 (Nepali model)plant disseminated in 21 countries

• Trained more than 7,000 biogas technicians (mason, supervisors+)

• Two dedicated biogas credit funds established
• About 100,000 biogas plants from Loan
• Some 300 MFIs involved in financing
• 1 PREIP project for older plant rehabilitation and 2 rehabilitation for earthquake affected
plants are completed with support from KfW and DFID.
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 Innovative Interventions in large Biogas Sector (cases)

Envipower Plant, Bhairahawa 3750cum

Salient features
Daily Gas Output: 3750 m3 per day

Substrate Used: Mixed Substrate mainly press mud, chicken litter and cow dung

End Use: Gas Bottling (1500 kg per day)

Plant approved cost : NPR 123 million (TRC approved cost)

Total Estimated Subsidy : NPR 49 million (including government matching)

SREP Eligible Subsidy : NPR 17.1 million

Organic Manure : 13 tons per day

Status: Commissioned and Operational

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 Biogas plant and other facilities

Organic Fertilizer
Raw Biogas Refinery

Bi- Methane Bottling Unit

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Biofuel

Biofuel

Estimated Potential Achievement So far

Few Nurseries and small scale pilot

11,00,000 tons plants
focusing particularly on promotion of Jatropha
Curcas for the production of biodiesel

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 Existing Policies on RE Sector conducive for Biomass
Energy Sector
• Periodic Three year Plans
• Rural Energy Policy, 2006
• Climate Change Policy, 2011
• Renewable Energy Subsidy Policy, 2016
• Central Renewable Energy Fund
• Renewable Energy Subsidy Delivery Mechanism, 2016
• Financial Act, 2016 – Exemption of VAT & Custom Duty in RE
equipments/materials
• Biomass Energy Strategy, 2017
• Investment Prospectus for CCS4ALL: A Roadmap to National
Goal of Providing Clean Cooking Solutions for All

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Biomass Energy Strategy, 2017
Strategies:
1. To increase production of sustainable biomass energy by utilizing agriculture,
forest residues and organic wastes.
2. To contribute to increased access to clean cooking technologies to all Nepalese
households through the means of modern biomass energy.
3. To increase effectiveness and efficiency in the utilization and production of
biomass energy.
4. To partially substitute the utilization of diesel and petrol by bio-diesel and bio-
ethanol.

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Biomass Energy Strategy, 2017
Some Specific Targets (2030):
1. To generate electricity through the solid waste management in those
municipalities with garbage production of more than 1 tonne; and to generate
10 MW of electricity from bio-gasifier
2. To provide clean cooking technologies of at least tier -3 to all households
3. To install 600,000 domestic biogas plants using cattle dung.
4. To reach the annual production of 20,000 metric tonnes of pellets, briquettes by
enhancing the production capacity.
5. 10% of the total consumption of petrol and diesel consumed in Nepal will have
been replaced by biodiesel & bioethanol

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Thank you for your
kind attention !!!

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