P E S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MANDYA

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION UNDER VTU BELGAUM,

KARNATAKA)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
( NBA ACCREDITED)

A Seminar On
"INFLUENCE OF SCBA ON STRENGTH
PROPERTIES OF MORTAR MM5"

         Under the guidance of  Presenting By
             Ms. Lakshmi P S   K A DAWOOD        4PS16CV405 
           Assistant Professor SANDHYA S           4PS15CV090 
  Department of Civil Engineering       RAKSHA R             4PS16CV414 
   PRIYANKA D K     4PS15CV073 
                PESCE Mandya  MONIKA J             4PS14CV062
CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION

 LITERATURE REVIEW 

 OBJECTIVES AND PRESENT WORK 

 MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY 

 TEST ON MATERIALS

 TEST ON FRESH MORTAR

 TEST ON HARDENED MORTAR

 RESULTS AND GRAPHS 

 CONCLUSION

 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
 Portland cement is the basic ingredient of mortar. Mortar is formed
when portland cement creates a paste with water that binds with
sand and rock to harden. Cement is manufactured through a closely
controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum,
iron and other ingredients.
 Sugarcane bagasse ash is a byproduct of sugar factories found after
burning sugarcane bagasse which itself is found after the extraction
of all economical sugar from sugarcane.
 Backbone of India’s economy is agriculture.
The cylinder specimen is placed horizontally between the
loading surface of the compression testing machine and the
load is applied until the failure of the cylinder, along the
vertical diameter.

The most common binder since the early 20th century is

Portland cement but the ancient binder lime mortar is still
used in some new construction.

After burning the bagasse in boiler, the residual sugar cane

bagasse ash (SCBA) is used as soil fertilizer, filling material,
etc.,
 LITERATURE  REVIEW
 Sirirat Janjaturaphan and Wansom (2010)

 With an annual production of 4 million tons, sugar cane bagasse

ash (SCBA) has potential to be used as an alternative supplementary
cementations material (SCM) for Thailand.

 Bangar Sayali S, TambeRutuja S. & Rahane A (2017)

 Demand and consumption of cement is increasing day by day
which has led researchers and scientists to search for locally
available alternate binders that can replace cement partially and are
ecofriendly and contribute towards waste management.
S Praveenkumar, J Shanmugasundaram and
B Samynathan (2017)
 Bagasse ash, the industrial by-product which harms the
environment and causes disposal problems the incorporation of
bagasse ash in cement mortar and concrete may give the
satisfactory solution for environmental issues
 OBJECTIVES  AND PRESENT  WORK
   The main objective of the project is to study the feasibility of
using the locally available waste sugar cane bagasse ash as
cement replacement material in mortar to reduce the negative
environmental effect and land filling problem caused by the sugar
cane bagasse ash.

    Characterisation of mortar by taking mix proportion of 1:4

which involves the determination of physical and mechanical
properties of mortar including compressive strength, tensile
strength and flexure strength.
 MATERIAL  AND METHODOLOGY

    The materials used for SCBA Mortar are selected from those
by the conventional mortar. Typical materials used for SCBA
Mortar are fine aggregate, cement.
 SCBA Mortar can be designed and constructed using a board range
of normal mortar materials, and this is essential for SCBA mortar to

gain popularity.
  Materials

Cement

Water
 Manufactured Sand

Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate (Manufactured Sand)

Sl. No Particulars Results

1 Zone II

2 Bulk Density 1630 kg/m3(Loose)

3 Specific Gravity 2.62

Physical Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse  Chemical Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse
ash ash
Sl. No Particulars Results Sl. No Particulars Results
1 Specific Gravity 1.971
2 Fineness 2.516% 1 LOI 13.10%
3 Colour Black 2 Silicon as SiO3 76.32%
4 Particle Shape Powder form
3 Aluminium as Al2O3 0.2%
4 Iron as Fe2O3 4.02%
5 Calcium as CaO 3.68%

Burning Duration of SCBA SCBA

Methodology
Need to Study

Literature Review

Material Collection

Material Testing

Specific Gravity Fineness Modulus

Mix Proportioning
Test Test

Casting & Curing of

Specimen

Testing of Specimens

Results & Discussions

Conclusion
 MIX PROPORTIONING
 The process of selecting suitable ingredients of mortar and
determining their relative amounts with the objective of
producing a mortar of the required, strength, durability, and
workability as economically as possible, is termed the mortar
mix design.

Mix Proportioning of Mortar

TEST ON MATERIALS
Test on Cement
 Standard Consistency of Cement

Vicat Apparatus for

Standard Consistency Standard Consistence of Cement

Sl.No Description Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4

1. Percentage of water added
26 28 30 32
2. Initial reading ,mm
50 50 50 50
3. Final reading ,mm
35 34 22 14
4. Height penetrated ,mm
15 16 28 36
5. Height not penetrated ,mm
35 34 22 14
  Setting Time

Vicat Apparatus for Setting Time Determination

Soundness test

Specific Gravity

Le-Chatelier Soundness Testing Apparatus

Determination of Specific Gravity of Cement

Tests on SCBA
Loss on Ignition Test

W1 W2 W3 LOI
Sl.n
Sample type (gms (gms (gms value
o
) ) ) (in %)

1. Raw sample 35 50 47 20

Sample sieved through

2. 34 49 47 13.33
300µ

Sample sieved through

3. 35 60 58 8
150 µ

Sample sieved through 90

4. 35 50 49 6.66
µ

Sample sieved through 75

5. 35 65 63 6.66
µ

Burning Process of SCBA in Furnace LOI Value for Koppa Sugar Factory

Loss on Ignition, Percentage =

Where, A = Loss in Weight and

B = Weight of moisture free sample used
Conductometric Test

Conductometer  Solution 

Specific gravity test

Determination of Specific Gravity of Mortar

Test on Fine Aggregate
Water Absorption and Sieve Analysis
Specific Gravity

Pycnometer for Determination Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate

of Water Absorption
 TEST ON FRESH MORTAR
Flow Table Test
 The flow table test of cement mortar is done only to calculate
the amount of water required for gauging for conducting
strength test of masonry cement and for drying shrinkage test
of cement.
 It also gives us some idea on the workability of cement mortar.
 The amount of water used for gauging in case of compressive
strength test of masonry cement, shall be such as to produce a
flow of 110±5% with 25 drops in 15s.
Flow Table Measurement of Dia in Flow Table

Flow percentage =
Measurement of Flow Diameter
 FLOW TABLE TEST (FOR CONVENTIONAL MIX 1:4 Ratio)
Percentage of Average flow Flow
water added (in diameter percentage
%) (in cm) (in %)
100 16.725 67.25
105 19.6 102
110 23.625 136.25
115 19.475 94.75
120 22.575 125.75

Flow percentage versus water percentage for 1:4 (Conventional Mix)

 FLOW TABLE TEST (FOR 10% BAGASSE ASH REPLACEMENT OF
MORTAR 1:4 Ratio)
Percentage of Average flow Flow
water added diameter percentage
(in %) (in cm) (in %)
90 15.425 54.25

100 16.3 63

110 17.18 71.8

120 18.07 80.7

130 18.85 88.5

Flow percentage versus water percentage for 1:4 (10% replacement BA)
 FLOW TABLE TEST (FOR 15% BAGASSE ASH REPLACEMENT
OF MORTAR 1:4 Ratio)
Percentage of Average flow Flow
water added diameter percentage
(in %) (in cm) (in %)

100 15.51 55.1

110 16.57 65.7
120 17.5 75
130 18.48 84.8
140 19.45 94.5

Flow percentage versus water percentage for 1:4 (15% replacement BA)
FLOW TABLE TEST (FOR 20% BAGASSE ASH REPLACEMENT
OF MORTAR 1:4 Ratio)

Percentage of water Average flow diameter Flow percentage

added (in %) (in cm) (in %)

110 15.15 51.5

120 15.74 57.4
130 18.04 80.4
135 18.56 85.6
140 19.25 94

Flow percentage versus water percentage for 1:4 (20% replacement BA)
 TEST ON HARDENED MORTAR
Compression Test

 Compression test is the most common test conducted on hardened mortar.

The most desirable characteristic properties of concrete are qualitatively
related to its compressive strength.

Compression Testing for Cube And Cylinder

Compressive strength of mortar based on mix proportioning
Comparison between Conventional mix & BA Replacement
For 50x50x50mm Cube  For 70.6x70.6x70.6mm Cube 

For 150x150x150mm Cube  For 150x300mm Cylinder 
Comparison of Compressive Strength of Various Specimen

Compressive Strength of Various Specimens at 7 Days

Compressive Strength of Various Specimen at 28 Days

Flexural Strength Test
Flexural strength is known as modulus of rupture defined as a
material’s ability to resist deformationunder load.

Flexural Test of Mortar by

Centre Point Loading method
Comparison between Conventional mix &
BA Replacement

For 40x40x160 Beam 
 Split Tensile Strength Test: 
The cylinder specimen is placed horizontally between the loading
surface of the compression testing machine
 The load is applied until the failure of the cylinder, along
the vertical diameter.

Split Tensile strength Testing for Cylinder

Comparison between Conventional mix &
BA Replacement

For 150x300mm Cylinder 
 RESULTS  AND  GRAPHS
 Compression test results at 7 days(Conventional Mix)
Sl. Avg stress value Compliance
Mould Size Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No MPa Status
Cube 1 18 7.2
MM5
1 50x50x50 mm 1:4 Cube 2 19 7.6 7.2
Complied
Cube 3 17 6.8
Cube 1 36 7.22
MM5
2 70.6x70.6x70.6mm 1:4 Cube 2 36 7.22 7.153
Complied
Cube 3 35 7.02
Cube 1 160 7.11
MM5
3 150x150x150mm 1:4 Cube 2 160 7.11 7.08
Complied
Cube 3 159 7.06

Bar Chart Showing 7 Days Compressive Strength of Conventional Mix

  Compression test results at 7 days (10%Replacement)
Sl. Avg stress Compliance
Mould Size Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No value MPa Status
Cube 1 18 7.20
MM5
1 50x50x50 mm 1:4 Cube 2 17 6.80 6.933
Complied
Cube 3 17 6.40
Cube 1 35 7.02
MM5
2 70.6x70.6x70.6mm 1:4 Cube 2 34 6.82 6.82
Complied
Cube 3 33 6.61
Cube 1 152 6.75
MM5
3 150x150x150mm 1:4 Cube 2 153 6.80 6.767
Complied
Cube 3 152 6.75

Chart Showing 7 Days Compressive Strength of 10 % Replacement

  Compression test results at 7 days (15% Replacement)
Sl. Stress in Avg stress Compliance
Mould Size Proportion Sample Load In kN
No MPa value MPa Status
Cube 1 16 6.40
MM5
1 50x50x50 mm 1:4 Cube 2 16 6.40 6.40
Complied
Cube 3 16 6.40
Cube 1 32 6.42
MM5
2 70.6x70.6x70.6mm 1:4 Cube 2 31 6.22 6.286
Complied
Cube 3 31 6.22
Cube 1 141 6.75
MM5
3 150x150x150mm 1:4 Cube 2 140 6.80 6.203
Complied
Cube 3 138 6.75

Bar Chart Showing 7 Days Compressive Strength of 15% Replacement

  Compression test results at 7 days (20% Replacement)
Sl. Avg stress value Compliance
Mould Size Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No MPa Status
Cube 1 15 6.00
MM5
1 50x50x50 mm 1:4 Cube 2 15 6.00 5.867
Complied
Cube 3 14 5.60
Cube 1 29 5.82
MM5
2 70.6x70.6x70.6mm 1:4 Cube 2 29 5.82 5.753
Complied
Cube 3 28 5.62
Cube 1 129 5.73
MM5
3 150x150x150mm 1:4 Cube 2 128 5.68 5.696
Complied
Cube 3 128 5.68

Bar Chart Showing 7 Days Compressive Strengthof 20% Replacement

  Compression test results at 28 days (Conventional Mix)
Sl. Proportio Stress in Avg stress Compliance
Mould Size Sample Load In kN
No n MPa value MPa Status
Cube 1 21 8.4
MM5
1 50x50x50 mm 1:4 Cube 2 21 8.4 8.267
Complied
Cube 3 20 8
Cube 1 41 8.22
MM5
2 70.6x70.6x70.6mm 1:4 Cube 2 41 8.22 8.153
Complied
Cube 3 40 8.02
Cube 1 180 8
MM5
3 150x150x150mm 1:4 Cube 2 179 7.95 7.967
Complied
Cube 3 179 7.95

Bar Chart Showing 28 Days Compressive Strengthof Conventional Mix

  Compression test results at 28 days (10% Replacement)
Sl. Proportio Stress in Avg stress
Mould Size Sample Load In kN Compliance Status
No n MPa value MPa
Cube 1 20 8
MM5
1 50x50x50 mm 1:4 Cube 2 20 8 7.867
Complied
Cube 3 19 7.6
Cube 1 38 7.62
MM5
2 70.6x70.6x70.6mm 1:4 Cube 2 38 7.62 7.686
Complied
Cube 3 39 7.82
Cube 1 171 7.6
MM5
3 150x150x150mm 1:4 Cube 2 170 7.55 7.553
Complied
Cube 3 169 7.51

Bar Chart Showing 28 Days Compressive Strengthof 10% Replacement

  Compression test results at 28 days (15% Replacement)
Sl. Avg stress value Compliance
Mould Size Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No MPa Status
Cube 1 19 7.6
MM5
1 50x50x50 mm 1:4 Cube 2 18 7.2 7.333
Complied
Cube 3 18 7.2
Cube 1 36 7.22
MM5
2 70.6x70.6x70.6mm 1:4 Cube 2 36 7.22 7.153
Complied
Cube 3 35 7.02
Cube 1 156 6.933
MM5
3 150x150x150mm 1:4 Cube 2 158 7.023 6.993
Complied
Cube 3 158 7.023

Bar Chart Showing 28 Days Compressive Strengthof 15% Replacement

 Compression test results at 28 days (20% Replacement)
Sl. Avg stress value Compliance
Mould Size Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No MPa Status
Cube 1 18 7.2
MM5
1 50x50x50 mm 1:4 Cube 2 17 6.8 6.933
Complied
Cube 3 17 6.8
Cube 1 34 6.82
MM5
2 70.6x70.6x70.6mm 1:4 Cube 2 33 6.62 6.753
Complied
Cube 3 34 6.82
Cube 1 147 6.53
MM5
3 150x150x150mm 1:4 Cube 2 146 6.48 6.496
Complied
Cube 3 146 6.48

Bar Chart Showing 28 Days Compressive Strengthof 20% Replacement

Compression test results at 7 days (Cylinder 150x300mm)
Sl. % Avg stress value Compliance
Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No Replacement MPa Status
Cylinder 1 124 7.02
MM5
1 0% 1:4 Cylinder 2 123 6.96 7.00
Complied
Cylinder 3 124 7.02
Cylinder 1 118 6.67
MM5
2 10% 1:4 Cylinder 2 119 6.73 6.69
Complied
Cylinder 3 118 6.67
Cylinder 1 108 6.11
MM5
3 15% 1:4 Cylinder 2 109 6.18 6.156
Complied
Cylinder 3 109 6.18
Cylinder 1 96 5.43
MM5
4 20% 1:4 Cylinder 2 97 5.48
Complied
Cylinder 3 97 5.48 5.463

Bar Chart Showing 7 Days Compressive Strength

 Compression test results at 28 days (Cylinder 150x300mm)
Sl. % Avg stress value Compliance
Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No Replacement MPa Status
Cylinder 1 138 7.81
MM5
1 0% 1:4 Cylinder 2 137 7.75 7.77
Complied
Cylinder 3 137 7.75
Cylinder 1 130 7.356
MM5
2 10% 1:4 Cylinder 2 129 7.299 7.356
Complied
Cylinder 3 131 7.413
Cylinder 1 120 6.79
MM5
3 15% 1:4 Cylinder 2 120 6.79 6.77
Complied
Cylinder 3 119 6.73
Cylinder 1 105 5.94
MM5
4 20% 1:4 Cylinder 2 106 5.99 5.993
Complied
Cylinder 3 109 6.05

 Bar Chart Showing 28 Days Compressive Strength

 Split Tensile test results at 7 days (Cylinder 150x300mm)
Sl. % Avg stress
Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No Replacement value MPa
Cylinder 1 82 1.160
1 0% 1:4 Cylinder 2 83 1.174 1.160
Cylinder 3 81 1.146
Cylinder 1 75 1.075
2 10% 1:4 Cylinder 2 76 1.061 1.056
Cylinder 3 73 1.032
Cylinder 1 69 0.970
3 15% 1:4 Cylinder 2 69 0.976 0.971
Cylinder 3 68 0.962
Cylinder 1 58 0.821
4 20% 1:4 Cylinder 2 59 0.834 0.839
Cylinder 3 61 0.863

Bar Chart Showing 7 Days Split Tensile Strength

 Split Tensile test results at 28 days (Cylinder 150x300mm)
Sl. % Avg stress
Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No Replacement value MPa
Cylinder 1 142 2.008
1 0% 1:4 Cylinder 2 143 2.023 2.018
Cylinder 3 143 2.023
Cylinder 1 134 1.895
2 10% 1:4 Cylinder 2 132 1.867 1.890
Cylinder 3 135 1.909
Cylinder 1 112 1.584
3 15% 1:4 Cylinder 2 111 1.570 1.575
Cylinder 3 111 1.570
Cylinder 1 78 1.103
4 20% 1:4 Cylinder 2 79 1.117 1.107
Cylinder 3 78 1.103

Bar Chart Showing 28 Days Split Tensile Strength

 Flexural Strength test results at 7 days (Beam 40x40x160mm)
Sl. % Stress in Avg stress
Proportion Sample Load In kN
No Replacement MPa value MPa
Beam 1 0.90 2.52
1 0% 1:4 Beam 2 0.80 2.24 2.286
Beam 3 0.75 2.10
Beam 1 0.80 2.24
2 10% 1:4 Beam 2 0.70 1.96 2.006
Beam 3 0.65 1.82
Beam 1 0.50 1.40
3 15% 1:4 Beam 2 0.45 1.26 1.353
Beam 3 0.50 1.40
Beam 1 0.40 1.12
4 20% 1:4 Beam 2 0.40 1.12 1.073
Beam 3 0.55 0.98

 Bar Chart Showing 7 Days Flexural Strength

 Flexural Strength test results at 28 days(Beam 40x40x160mm)
Sl. % Avg stress value
Proportion Sample Load In kN Stress in MPa
No Replacement MPa
Beam 1 1.3 3.6
1 0% 1:4 Beam 2 1.4 3.92 3.813
Beam 3 1.4 3.92
Beam 1 1.2 3.36
2 10% 1:4 Beam 2 1.1 3.08 3.366
Beam 3 1.3 3.64
Beam 1 1.1 3.08
3 15% 1:4 Beam 2 1 2.8 2.8
Beam 3 0.9 2.52
Beam 1 0.8 2.8
4 20% 1:4 Beam 2 0.8 2.24 2.33
Beam 3 0.9 2.52

Bar Chart Showing 28 Days Flexural Strength

 CONCLUSION
 Thus, this investigation is an evidence that environment can be
protected from the disposal harms for the sugarcane bagasse ash
and the use of raw materials , the production of green house
gases (CO2) during the manufacture of cement.

 This study makes the effective way of disposal of residual ash.

Simultaneously, it’s the access for minimizing the use of natural
resources and the production of CO2 in the manufacture of
cement.
 Test on cement were made for verifying the limits specified by
the Indian standards at various proportions of bagasse ash such as
10, 15 and 20%.
 At all replacement level, the satisfactory results were obtained
within the permissible limits for Mix proportion 1:4.
 REFERENCES
1. Praveen kumar Shanmugam, Shanmugasundaram Jaganathan B.
Samynathan - Effect of Bagasse Ash in Properties of Cement Paste and
Mortar - September 2017
2. N. Amin, M. T. Shah, K. Ali, S. Alam - Chemical activation of bagasse
ash in cement mortar – March 2011

3. Sirirat Janjaturaphan and Supaporn Wansom - Pozzolanic Activity of

Industrial Sugarcane Bagasse Ash – December 2010

4. Bangar Sayali S., Phalke Shubhangi N, Gawade Anjali Y & Tambe

Rutuja S - A Review Paper On Replacement Of Cement With Bagasse Ash
– March 2017

5. Maochieh Chi - Effects of sugar cane bagasse ash as a cement

replacement on properties of mortars – September 2012

6. Gustavo Henrique Nalona, Roseli Oliveira Guedes Martinsa - Effect of

Specimens' Shape and Size on the Determination of Compressive Strength
and Deformability of Cement-lime Mortars – December 2017
7. Indian Standard 1199 – 1959 – Methods of Sampling and Analysis of
Mortar

8. Indian Standard 4031- Part 5 – Method of Physical Test for Hydraulic

Cement

9. Indian Standard 4031- Part 6– Method of Physical Test for Hydraulic

Cement for Mix Proportioning

10. Indian Standard 2250 – 1981 – Code of Practice for Preparation and
use of Masonry Mortar

11. IS:4031(Part-7):1988 – Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement

12. IS:4031(Part-8):1988 – Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement

THANK
YOU