Introduction to

Pharmaceutics

Rashid ali Arbani

Pharm-D, Mphil
(Pharmaceutics)
Lecturer SALU.
 PHARMACEUTICS
Science of dosage form is called Pharmaceutics.
Main objective of Pharmaceutics is to Convert Drug into
a medicine

Pharmaceutics in real sense is concerned with the

study of Formulation, manufacturing, stability and
effectiveness of a dosage form.

Formulation: Selection of Appropriate Expients and a

suitable drug substance which are compitable with each
other and produce such a dosage form which may
produce effective and safer therapeutic response.
.
Manufacturing: Procedure, Equipment and facilities
utilized to prepare or develop a suitable formulated
product is called manufacturing.
Stability: Once a product is manufactured it must be
stable in all ways Physicaly,chemcialy,
microbiologically, so as it should maintain its shelf life.
Efficacy: product manufactured must be effective
 *Introduction
 There are many different forms into which a medicinal agent may
be placed for the convenient and efficacious treatment of disease.
 Most commonly, a manufacturer prepares a drug substance in
several dosage forms and strengths for the efficacious and
convenient treatment of disease
 Dosage form : Pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which
they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active
ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular
configuration (such as a capsule shell), and apportioned into a
particular dose. Dosage forms are the means by which drug
molecules are delivered to sites of action within the body.
.
 *Definitions
 Drug: A drug is defined as an agent intended for use in the diagnosis,
treatment, cure, or prevention of disease in humans or in other animals.

 Drug delivery system consist of a device or container that helps to

administer drug into the body, DDs is ofenlty synonymed with Routes of
drug administration because it provides way of drug entrance means
how drug is introduced in our body. it covers both dosage form as well as
devices used to administer drugs into body i-e spoon, syringe, metered
dose inhalers, nebulizers.

 Dosage form : Pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are
marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive
components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule
shell), and apportioned into a particular dose. Dosage forms are the
means by which drug molecules are delivered to sites of action within the
body.
.
SOLID LIQUID GAS SEMI-SOLIDS
Tablets Solutions Aerosols Ointments
Capsules Syrups Foams Creams
Cachets Mixtures Sprays Pastes
Powders Elixirs Inhalational Gels
Granules Enemas powders Jellies
Suppositories Eye Drops Hydrogels
Pessaries Ear Drops Eye
Implants Injectable ointment
Inserts Emulsions Medicated
Lozenges Suspension Gums
Pellets Sprits Plasters
Pills Tinctures
Dentifrices Infusions
Snuffs Gargles
Mouth washes
Lintuses
Lotions
 *Need for Dosage form
To administer drug easily into body
To take an Appropriate and accurate dose of a drug
Prevention of drugs from Harmful Environmental
effects( light, temperature, humidity)
To enhance stability of drug substances by preventing
from chemical reactions ( oxidation, Reduction,
hydrolysis)
Depending on nature of drug and its Physico-chemical
properties it is converted to a suitable dosage form
which may produce effects with safety and efficacy.
 Bitter taste and nauseas odor of drug in concealed.
Release rate of drugs is controlled through proper
formulations.
To achieve Optimal drug Action.
 *FORMULATION
Selection of Appropriate Expients and a suitable
drug substance which are compitable with each
other and produce such a dosage form which
may produce effective and safer therapeutic
response.

Expients are Inactive or inert substance which

helps to impart required properties to a dosage
form and helps in developing a suitable dosage
form of a drug.
Physico-Chemical
Principles
 *Definition
 These are physical and chemical Properties of drug substance
which effect overall performance of a drug substances in body
 Through proper understanding of these properties we may decided
which is suitable dosage form to be prepared of that drug
 Physical properties of drug includes its molecular Size, molecular
shape, Crystalline or Amorphous, Salt form, solubility, PH, melting
point, boiling point, log P value, Refractive index ext.
 Chemical properties of drugs include their, Nature of drug, chemical
reactions, chemical structure and chemistry of drugs, these includes
 Without having proper knowledge about physiochemical
properties we can not develop a suitable dosage form that may
produce effective response in a safer way.
 *Solutions
 A solution is a chemically and physically homogeneous
mixture of two or more substances.
 In pharmacy different kinds of liquid dosage forms are used,
and all consist of a dispersion of one or more substances
in a liquid phase.
 In a solution composed of only two components ( Binary
system), that component which is dispersed throughout the
other is termed as solute and medium in which dispersion
occurs is called solvent.
 Depending on the size of the dispersed particle, they are
classified as true solutions, colloidal solutions, or
disperse systems.
 In true Solutions particles are dissolved in such a way that
they have only one molecular dimension and particles are
clearly and absolutely dissolved in a solvent. Example
Salt in water and sugar in water.
In colloidal solutions particle size is more than in true
solutions and have particle aggregate to form different
size molecules. Example blood, Milk.
 Colloidal solutions, in general, are considered to be
thermodynamically stable
In true Solutions particles are dissolved in such a way
that they have only one molecular dimension and
particles are clearly and absolutely dissolved in a
solvent. Example Salt in water and sugar in water.
*TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
SOLUTE SOLVENT EXAMPLE
Gas Gas Aerosols
Liquid Gas Fog
Solid Gas Smoke
Gas Liquid Foam
Liquid Liquid Emulsions
Solid Liquid Suspensions
Gas Solid Solid foam
Liquid Solid Solid emulsions
Mineral oil in wax
Solid Solid Solid suspensions
Colloidal gold in
glass