FUNDAMENTALS

OF NETWORKING
 Network is a set of devices (often referred
to as nodes) connected by communication links.
WHAT IS A node can be a computer, printer, or any other
device capable of sending and/or receiving data
NETWORK? generated by other nodes on the network.
SIMPLE NETWORK
ROUTER
 Router is a networking device that
forwards data packets between computer
networks. Routers perform the traffic
WHAT IS directing functions on the Internet. Data
ROUTER? sent through the internet, such as a web
page or email, is in the form of data
packets.
 TYPES OF NETWORK

LAN (LOCAL-AREA NETWORK)

MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA

NETWORK)

WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)

Local-Area Network (LAN) - is a computer network that spans a relatively small
area. Most often, a LAN is confined to a single room, building or group of
buildings, however, one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any
distance via telephone lines and radio waves.
MAN or Metropolitan area Network - covers a larger area than that of a LAN and
smaller area as compared to WAN. It connects two or more computers that are apart
but resides in the same or different cities. It covers a large geographical area and may
serve as an ISP (Internet Service Provider). It’s hard to design and maintain a
Metropolitan Area Network.
WAN or Wide Area Network - is a computer network that extends over a large
geographical area, although it might be confined within the bounds of a state or country.
A WAN could be a connection of LAN connecting to other LAN’s via telephone lines
and radio waves and may be limited to an enterprise (a corporation or an organization)
or accessible to the public. The technology is high speed and relatively expensive.
 MESSAGE

MEDIUM
SENDER RECEIVER
 Transmission media are the physical pathways that connect computers, other
devices, and people on a network—the highways and byways that comprise the
information superhighway. Each transmission medium requires specialized network
hardware that has to be compatible with that medium.
 TRANSMISSION MEDIA TYPES

Outer Jacket

Twisted-Pair/
RJ-45
Ethernet Connector
Color-Coded Plastic Insulation

Outer Jacket
Coaxial Copper
BNC Conductor
Connector

Fiber Optics Glass and Fiber

SC Cladding
Connector
 PHYSICAL MEDIA COMPARISON

TWISTED-PAIR COAXIAL FIBER OPTICS

SPEED Up to 1gbps 10-100 mbps Up to 10gbps or

higher
DISTANCE Up to 100m Up to 500m Up to 60km

PRICE Least expensive Inexpensive Most expensive

UTP Cable RJ-45
ETHERNET
CABLE
 ARRANGEMENT OF COPPER WIRES

SET A SET B
Straight Through Cable

Crossover Cable
 THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING.

Fundamentals of Networking

Prepared by:
Christian Jason G. Facun