A PRESENTATION ON

Project Title IOT BASED SUBSTATION MONITORING SYSTEM

Prepared By
Team member 1 (Roll No)
Team member 2 (Roll No)
Team member 3 (Roll No)

Guided By
Prof. Guide Name

ACADEMIC YEAR-2018-19
 Contents

Introduction
Motivation/ Problem Statement

Literature survey

Proposed Work

Block diagram & System

Expected Result

Applications

Advantages & Disadvantages

References

Project title 2
 Introduction

• The project present review on various substation monitoring and control technologies to
convert conventional substations into smart substation, This includes automated monitoring
and control using iot and controller system , microcontrollers based control system, cloud
computing and Intelligent electronics devices(IEDs) monitoring ,control and protection
system for substations.
• In India, Power fast rate with increase in technological advancements.
• The conventional sources of power generation are depleting day by day, there is scarcity of
trained manpower as compared to demand , So to deal with this situation we have only one
option have to operate our existing system with utmost security and optimization, and
economically as much as possible. Hence, To do this, substation automation is the best way.
Substation automation is a technology by which we can monitor and control all the
components and equipments installed in the substation from a remote place.
Project title

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 SCOPE OF PROJECT

• The object of the project is to monitor the different parameters like voltage, frequency, power input and
output of 33/11kv substation. The project is attached to the input 33kv line,11kv output line of substation.
• The monitoring system continuously monitors different parameters.

• Mostly substation consists of Transformers, Protective relays, Lightening arrestors, wave trap, bus bars,
Isolators etc…
• Generally Transformers used in the substation will damage due to the raise in the oil temperature i.e., when
ever there is a huge amount of current flows through the winding then that leads to blackouts in the
substations.
• Instead of such blackouts that occurred in microseconds of time that may leads to collapse the entire
substation.
• So to we have to protect the entire substation & that is done by using ARDUINO UNO microcontrollers
which acts as the heart in controlling the entire system .
• By sensing the parameters we can shut down the transformers if any value is crossing it’s limit.

Project title 4
 Literature Survey

1. Substation Monitoring and Control Using Microcontroller & GSM

AUTHOR:- Mrs. Krupal Dhimar, 2Mr. Jenish Patel, 3Mr. Yasin Shaikh, 4Mr. Anas Musani, 5Mr. Krishn Patel
The purpose of this project is to acquire the remote electrical parameters like voltage, current and frequency and
send these real time values over gsm network using gsm modem/phone along with temperature at power station.
This project is also designed to protect the electrical circuitry by operating an spdt relay. This relay gets
activated whenever the electrical parameters exceed the predefined values. The relay can be used to switch off
the main electrical supply. User can send commands in the form of sms messages to read the remote electrical
parameters. This system also can automatically send the real time electrical parameters periodically (based on
time settings) in the form of sms. This system can be designed to send sms alerts whenever the relay trips or
whenever the voltage or current exceeds the predefined limits. This project makes use of a microcontroller. The
controller can efficiently communicate with the different sensors being used. The controller is provided with
some internal memory to hold the code. This memory is used to dump some set of assembly instructions into the
controller. And the functioning of the controller is dependent on these assembly instructions. The controller is
programmed using embedded c language.

Project title 5
 Literature Survey
2.Remote Microcontroller Based Monitoring of Substation and Control System through GSM
Modem
AUTHOR:- Dr. Ghous Buksh Narejo, Engr. Shahyan Pervez Bharucha, Engr. Danny Zarir Pohwala
As complexity of distribution network has grown [7], automation of substation has become a need of every
utility company to increase its efficiency and to improve quality of power being delivered [5]. The proposed
project which is GSM cellular network based controlling of substation [5][12] will help the utility
companies, by ensuring that their local-substation faults [8][9][10] are immediately realized and reported to
their concerned departments via GSM, to ensure that duration of power interruption is decreased. The
measured parameters will be sending in the form of SMS messages. The microcontroller will interact with
the sensors installed at the local substation and perform task as commanded [3]. Electrical parameters like
current, voltage will be compared continuously to its rated value [13] will help protect the distribution and
power transformer from burning due to overload, short circuit fault, over voltages and surges. Under such
conditions, entire unit is shut down via the control section comprising of relays sensing it, and immediately
turning the circuit breaker off. SMS alerts can also be generated to indicate this. The use of GSM makes the
substation intelligent [4] in the sense that it is able to transmit alerts and information and receive commands.
This enables to reduce labor cost at substation and saves time. Thus the monitoring and working efficiency
of the sub-station
Project title
will drastically increase. 6
 LOGIC
DEVELOPMENT
• Here we are using arduino uno as a controller in which we are monitoring voltage which
is between under, over, threshold and monitor current and frenquency parameter.
With temp monitoring.
• Line to ground
• Calculate power factor:- maintain power factor in one point. If power factor gets high
at output automatically load will off. Maintain voltage current other parameter.
• Calculated power factor will be displayed on LCD.
• All data will be upadated over IOT. Using online web server.
• If any sensor detects then buzzer will beep.

Project title 7
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

8
Project title 8
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Project title 9
 CALCULATION

Transformer :
Input Voltage : 220V
Output Voltage : 16 V
Output current : 1.5 A
Power : 24 Watts
Phase : Single Phase

Project title 10
 CALCULATION

Regulator ic:-
Lm7805:
Output Current up to 1A
Output Voltages of 5
Lm7809:
Output Current up to 1A
Output Voltages of 9
Lm7812:
Output Current up to 1A
Output Voltages of 12

Project title 11
 CALCULATION

ACS712 Current Sensor Module:

Supply Voltage: 4.5V ~ 5.5V DC
Measure Current Range: -20A ~ 20A
Sensitivity: 100mV/A

Relay:
SRD-12vDC,
operating voltages like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc.

LM35 Temperature Sensors:

Operates from 4 V to 30 V
Rated for Full−55°C to 150°C Range

Project title 12
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

• ARDUINO UNO
• CURRENT SENSOR
• VOLTAGE SENSOR
• FREQUENCY SENSOR
• RELAY
• BUZZER
• LCD
• IOT MODULE
• TRASFORMER

Project title 13
 ARDUINO UNO

MicrocontrollerATmega328
Operating Voltage5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide
PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of
which 0.5 KB used by bootloader S
RAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz

Project title 14
 LCD DISPLAY

SPECIFICATION
Display :- 16 Char* 2 Lines
Controller:-LSI HD44780 IN BUILT
Power Supply :- + 5v Dc
Display Color :-Gray
Weight :- 35g

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VOLTAGE SENSOR

Dimensions: 28 x 14 x 13 mm(LxWxH).
Weight: 4 gm.
Voltage input range: DC 0-25 V
Voltage detection range: DC 0.02445 V to 25 V
Voltage analog resolution : 0.00489 V

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TEMP SENSOR

Features
Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)
Linear + 10.0 mV/ C scale factor
0.5 C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25 C)
Rated for full -55 to +150 C range
Suitable for remote applications
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
Operates from 4 to 30 volts
Less than 60 A current drain
Low self-heating, 0.08 C in still air
Nonlinearity only 1/4 C typical
Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load

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 CURRENT SENSOR

FEATURES
100 mV/A output sensitivity
5.0 V, single supply operation
Output voltage proportional to AC or DC currents
Factory-trimmed for accuracy
Extremely stable output offset voltage
Nearly zero magnetic hysteresis
Ratiometric output from supply voltage
Low-noise analog signal path
Device bandwidth is set via the new FILTER pin
5 µs output rise time in response to step input current
80 kHz bandwidth
Total output error 1.5% at TA = 25°C
Small footprint, low-profile SOIC8 package
1.2 mΩ internal conductor resistance
2.1 kVRMS minimum isolation voltage from pins 1-
4 to pins 5-8

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 IOT MODULE(ESP8266)

Technical Features
802.11 b / g / n
Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP
Built-in TCP / IP protocol stack
Built-in TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network
Built-in PLL, voltage regulator and power management components
802.11b mode + 19.5dBm output power
Built-in temperature sensor
Support antenna diversity
off leakage current is less than 10uA
Built-in low-power 32-bit CPU: can double as an application processor
SDIO 2.0, SPI, UART
STBC, 1×1 MIMO, 2×1 MIMO
A-MPDU, A-MSDU aggregation and the 0.4 Within wake
2ms, connect and transfer data packets
standby power consumption of less than 1.0mW (DTIM3)

Project title 19
 Things speak ONLINE WEB
SERVER

ThingSpeak is an Internet of Things (IoT) platform that lets you collect and store sensor data in
the cloud and develop IoT applications. The ThingSpeak IoT platform provides apps that let
you analyze and visualize your data in MATLAB, and then act on the data. Sensor data can be
sent to ThingSpeak from Arduino , Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone Black, and other hardware.

Project title 20
 Things speak ONLINE WEB
SERVER

Project title 21
 POWER SUPPLY

Project title 22
 TRANSFORMER

Input Voltage : 220V

Output Voltage : 16 V
Output current : 1.5 A
Power : 24 Watts

These product are made using CRGO core which can

work in high flux density without saturation and it has
long life. Winding is made with Super enameled copper
wires. Quality assesment is done in every stage of
production.
Project title 23
 BRIDGE RECTIFIER

Project title 24
 FILTER CAPACITOR

Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier and
smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and load is
maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this point
changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage.

Project title 25
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Project title 26
 RELAY MODULE

These SPDT relays covers switching capacity of 10A in spite of miniature size for
PCB Mount. Equivalent to Good Sky Part# RW-SH-105D

Contact Rating
10A at 220V AC / 110V AC / 28V DC
Coil Resistance
70ohm 5VDC
Life expectancy
Mechanical 10,000,000 operations at no load
Electrical 100,000 at rated resistive load

Project title 27
 Plan of project

Project title 28
 Advantages & Disadvantages

ADVANTAGES

Whole system can be shut down for quick repairs and re- installations.
Remote monitoring to avoid further power loss and time.
Low maintenance.
Fair efficiency
High accuracy

DISADVANTAGES
Complexity.
Costly
Less operating area.

Project title 29
 APPLICATIONS

• This system can be implemented in industries.

• This system can be used to monitoring and controlling the home appliances

Project title 30
 CONCLUSION

The whole process is monitored by ARDUINO UNO microcontrollers.

The graphically representation of the parameters are done by IOT module to identify easily.
Hence the distribution is made more secure, reliable and efficient by means of the proposed system.

Project title 31
 COST ESTIMATION

Project title 32
 EXPECTED OUTPUT

monitoring voltage which is between under, over, threshold and monitor

current and frenquency parameter. With temp monitoring.

Project title 33
 Future scope

Our project MICROCONTROLLER BASED SUBSTATION MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM WITH IOT MODULE . but in
future we can also add GSM MODEM is mainly intended to operate the devices like fans, lights, motors etc.., through a GSM based mobile
phone. The system has a GSM modem, temperature, current, voltage sensors and the devices to be operated through the switches like Relay
which are interfaced to the micro controller. The micro controller is programmed in such a way that if a particular fixed format of sms is sent to
GSM modem from mobile phone, which is fed as input to the micro controller which operates the appropriate devices. A return feedback
message will be sent to the mobile from GSM modem. The temperature at the place where devices are being operated can be known. In future
we can use this project in several applications by adding additional components to this project. This project can be extended by using GPRS
technology, which helps in sending the monitored and controlled data to any place in the world. The temperature controlling systems like
coolant can also use in places where temperature level should be maintained. By connecting wireless camera in industries, factories etc we can
see the entire equipments from our personal computer only by using GPRS and GPS technology. The monitoring and controlling of the devices
can be done from the personal computer and we can use to handle so many situations. By connecting temperature sensor, we can get the
temperature of dangerous zones in industries and we can use personal computer itself instead of sending human to there and facing problems at
the field. The temperature sensor will detect the temperature and it gives information to the micro controller and micro controller gives the
information to the mobile phone from that we can get the data at pc side.

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34
 THANK YOU

Project title 35
 REFERENCES

[1]. Jyotishman Pathak, Yuan Li, Vasant Honavar and James D. McCalley, "A Service-Oriented Architecture for Electric Power Transmission System
Asset Management", In ICSOC Workshops, pp: 26-37, 2006.
[2]. B. A. Carreras, V. E. Lynch, D. E. Newman and I. Dobson, "Blackout Mitigation Assessment in Power Transmission Systems", Hawaii International
Conference on System Science, January 2003. [3]. Xiaomeng Li and Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, "A Neural Network Based Wide Area Monitor for a
Power System", IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Vol. 2, pp: 1455-1460, 2005.
[4]. Argonne National Laboratory, "Assessment of the Potential Costs and Energy Impacts of Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure
equirements for Electric Utility Substations", Draft Energy Impact Issue Paper, 2006.
[5]. R.R. Negenborn, A.G. Beccuti, T. Demiray, S. Leirens, G. Damm, B. De Schutter and M. Morari, "Supervisory hybrid model predictive control for
voltage stability of power networks", Proceedings of the 2007 American Control Conference, New York, New York, pp: 5444-5449, July 2007.
[6]. Daponte, M. Di Penta and G.Mercurio, "TRANSIENTMETER: A Distributed Measurement System for Power Quality Monitoring", IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 19, Issue. 2, pp: 456-463, 2004.
[7]. G. Pudlo, S. Tenbohlen, M. Linders and G. Krost, "Integration of Power Transformer Monitoring and Overload Calculation into the Power System
Control Surface", IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, Vol. 1, pp: 470-474 Asia Pacific, 2002.

Project title 36