5G

Latest News
• New Delhi: The telecom department should
quickly release spectrum for research and
development (R&D) of fifth-generation, or 5G,
networks and set up labs to showcase
potential uses to industry, a government panel
set up to provide a road map for 5G
deployment has suggested.
• Mon, Jun 18 2018.
 Latest News
• “In the past, India’s spectrum release has
always been small, especially compared to the
US. For 5G, our spectrum release will be more
than many countries which will bring long-
term benefits. Making available spectrum
early will also enable the growth of
manufacturing capability here,” said A.
Paulraj, chairman of the steering committee
on 5G deployment.
Why 5G
What is 5G
 Question From Video
• What are the Five main technology which is
the foundation of 5 G ?
1 Millimeter Wave
2 Small cell
3 Massive MIMO
4 Beamforming
5 Full Duplex
 Mobile Networks Evolution- up to 5G

Yesterday Now Future

LTE-A IMT2020
LTE
WCDMA
HSPA HSPA+
GSM/EDGE
3G 4G 5G
2G
 5G NR
 5G New Radio (NR) is the wireless standard that will become the
foundation for the next generation of mobile networks.
 5G NR development is part of continuous mobile broadband
evolution process to meet the requirements of 5G as outlined by
IMT-2020
 In past 3G and 4G connected people, where as future 5G will
connect everything means 5G NR will be connecting our
smartphones, cars, meters, wearables and etc.
 It aims to make wireless broadband same as of wireline with the
fiber-like performance
 3GPP 5G NR standard, set to be published with 3GPP Release
15 in June 2018
 5G Technology KPIs
• 3GPP is still in process of finishing out 5G/NR Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs). These KPIs are driven
from ITM-2020 and some of these are listed below.
These KPIs mainly consider three broad categories:

• Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)

• URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications)/

Mission Critical Control (MCC)

• mMTC (massive Machine Type

Communications)/Massive Internet of Things (Massive
IoT)
Why 5G ?
 5G Technology KPIs
• The initial phase of 5G Non-Standalone
deployments focuses on eMBB, which provides
greater data-bandwidth complemented by
moderate latency improvements on both 5G NR
and 4G LTE. This will help to develop today’s
mobile broadband use cases such as emerging
AR/VR media and applications, UltraHD or 360-
degree streaming video and many more.
5G Use Cases
 Parameter Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Category

Peak Data Rate DL- 20 Gbps UL -10 Gbps eMBB

Spectral Efficiency DL- 30 bits/Hz UL- 15bits/Hz eMBB

Latency C-Plane -10 ms , U-Plane 0.5ms URLLC/MCC
User Expe. Data Rate DL-100 Mbps , UL -50 Mbps eMBB
Area Traffic Capacity 10 Mbits/s/m2 mMTC/IoT

Connection Density 1 million Devices/Km2 mMTC/IoT

Energy Efficiency 90% Reduction in Energy usage mMTC/ IoT

Reliability 1 packet loss out of 100 million packets URLLC/MCC

Mobility 500Km/h eMBB

Mobility Interruption Time 0 ms URLLC/MCC

System Bandwidth support upto 1GHz eMBB

Coverage mMTC- 164 dB mMTC/ IoT
UE Battery Life mMTC – 15 years mMTC/ IoT
 5G and 4G Comparison

A Short comparison of 5G and 4G technologies is given is table below

Energy
Mobility Users
Technology Data Rates Latency Spectrum Efficiency Efficienc
Support Density
y

x3 Better
Avg 100 Mb/s Peak 20 > 500 1000K/sq x100
5G (NR) ~ 1 ms DL- 30 bits/Hz UL-
Gb/s Km/h uare Km Better
15bits/Hz

Avg 25 Mb/s Peak 300 ~10- 50 Upto 350 DL – 6 bits/Hz UL- 4 ~ 2K /

4G (LTE) Moderate
Mb/s ms Km/h Bits/Hz square Km
 5G NR (New Radio) Frequency Bands
• As per 3GPP, these frequency bands are
designated for different frequency ranges (FR)
as FR1 and FR2.
• Designation Range
• FR1 450 MHz – 6000 MHz
• FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz
 NR Bands Classification
Apart from FR (frequency range) NR bands can be
classified into three into categories

• Frequency Division Duplex Bands (FDD)

• Time Division Duplex Bands (TDD)
• Supplementary Bands (SUL) : Downlink Supplement
Bands & Uplink Supplement Bands

NR has introduced a new notation for band

which starts with “n” e.g. Band 20 is noted as n20
where in LTE it was termed as B20.
 5G mmWave Spectrum
• The complete spectrum is shown in figure , it Yellow the existing bands
which can be already been in use and can be utilized by NR for mobile
broadband and massive IoT types of applications. Then shows the band
with colour as green which is under study by ITU WRC-19 and red collared
band with larger bandwidth.
 5G mmWave Spectrum
5G NR can utilize a spectrum from 6 GHz to 100 GHz.
There is 10x increase in 5G system bandwidth
The band for NR are basically classified as Low Band, Mid
Band and High Band

 Low bands below 1 GHz: longer range for e.g. mobile

broadband and IoT e.g. 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 850/900 MHz

 Mid bands 1 GHz to 6 GHz: wider bandwidths for e.g. eMBB

and mission-critical e.g. 3.4-3.8 GHz, 3.8-4.2 GHz, 4.4-4.9 GHz

 High bands above 24 GHz (mmWave): extreme bandwidths

e.g. 24.25-27.5 GHz, 27.5-29.5, 37-40, 64-71 GHz
 Three key frequency ranges are currently worthy of
consideration for different 5G deployment scenarios

Sub-1 GHz 1-6 GHz Above 6 GHz

 Ideal coverage band could
provide a very useful means of
extending a superior 5G user
experience into rural areas and
deep inside buildings.
 Could not support extremely
wide bandwidths and therefore
enable the fastest possible data
rates
 But Help prevent a new digital
divide by ensuring the
improved experience.
 Reaches more people in both
developed, and especially
developing, markets.
 There are numerous existing  This spectrum could support
mobile bands between 1 GHz- very wide channel sizes and
2.6 GHz, and when 5G therefore extremely fast data
technology is ready to deploy rates, and massive additional
there may be others between mobile network capacity,
2.6 GHz and 4 GHz. making it fertile territory for 5G
 Although these bands offer a research.
reasonable mixture of coverage  However, heavy reliance on
and capacity they are unlikely to these bands without
be able to support the highest complimentary lower frequency
potential 5G data rates without spectrum may mean 5G
carrier aggregation. services are limited to small
urban areas and inside
buildings as its radio
propagation qualities would
favor small cell sizes.
5G Bands and its impact on Cell size
5G NR Deployment & Spectrum Scenarios

• 5G NR Deployments is expected to be into

different morphology namely Indoor hotspot,
Dense Urban, Rural, Urban Macro, High speed
train, mMTC, and Urban grid with connected
car. These all deployments is expected to in
specific spectrum band or range of frequency
to accommodate the High date rate, deep
indoor coverage; mobility support etc.
• Table:-
5G NR Deployment & Spectrum Scenarios
 5G Network Abbreviations and Terminologies
• New RAN: A Radio Access Network which can supports either NR/E-UTRA or both
and have capabilities to interface with Next Generation Core Network (NG-CN).
NG-C/U is the Control/User Plane interface toward NG-CN
• gNB: New Radio (NR) Base stations which shall have capability to interface with 5G
Core named as NG-CN over NG-C/U (NG2/NG3) interface as well as 4G Core known
as Evolved Packet Core (EPC) over S1-C/U interface.
• eLTE eNB: An eLTE eNB is evolved eNodeB that can support connectivity to EPC as
well as NG-CN
• Non-standalone NR : It is a 5G Network deployment configuration, where a gNB
needs a LTE eNodeB as an anchor for control plane connectivity to 4G EPC or eLTE
eNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to NG-CN
• Standalone NR: It is a 5G Network deployment configuration where gNB does not
need any assistance for connectivity to core Network, it can connect by its own to
NG-CN over NG2 and NG3 interfaces
• Non-standalone E-UTRA: It is a 5G Network deployment configuration where the
eLTE eNB requires a gNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to NG-CN.
• Standalone E-UTRA: It is typical 4G network deployment where a 4G LTE eNB
connects to EPC
• Xn Interface: It is an logical interface which interconnect the New RAN nodes i.e. it
interconnects gNB to gNB and eLTE eNB to gNB and visa versa.
 Deployments Scenarios for 5G NR

• NR is capable of working in Non-standalone as

well as standalone deployments, the Phase 1
deployment is to be considered as Non-
standalone deployments
 LTE eNB is a master node

• This network topology is going to be most

famous for the Phase 1 non-standalone
deployments. LTE eNB will be master and
anchor the NR cell. All the signaling procedure
shall be done at LTE cell.
LTE eNB is a master node
 gNB is a master node
• This network deployment shall be part of
phase 2 where NR cell shall have stand-alone
operational capabilities and it shall capable of
anchoring the eLTE eNB. All signaling
procedure shall be done at NR cell.
gNB is a master node
 What Is 5G Network Slicing
• Each use case receives a unique set of optimized
resources and network topology — covering
certain SLA-specified factors such as connectivity,
speed, and capacity — that suit the needs of that
application.
• Network slicing is a type of virtual networking
architecture in the same family as software-
defined networking (SDN)and network functions
virtualization (NFV) — two closely related
network virtualization technologies that are
moving modern networks toward software-
based automation.
What Is 5G Network Slicing?
 SDN and NFV – Key Functionalities
• Software-defined Networking (SDN) and
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) will be
key functionalities to enable migration from
4G to 5G and scale their networks quickly and
accordingly. SDN, with their virtual “sub-
networks”, will be used for bigger bandwidth
applications such as videos with throughput
speeds of 10 Gb/s as well as lower
applications such as smart watches, which are
less demanding on the networks.
 5G Reference Network Architecture

• In recent meetings, 3GPP comes to an interim

agreement for non-roaming 5G reference
network architecture. The agreed reference
network architecture as per 3GPP TR 23.799.
5G Reference Network Architecture
 Access and Mobility Management
Function (AMF)
• Termination of RAN Control Plane interface (NG2)
– Termination of NAS (NG1), NAS ciphering and integrity protection
– Mobility Management
– Lawful intercept (for AMF events and interface to Lawful
Inetercept System)
– Transparent proxy for routing access authentication and SM
messages
– Access Authentication
– Access Authorization
– Security Anchor Function (SEA): It interacts with the UDM and the
UE, receives the intermediate key that was established as a result of
the UE authentication process; in case of USIM based
authentication, the AMF retrieves the security material from the
UDM
– Security Context Management (SCM): it receives a key from the
SEA that it uses to derive access-network specific keys
 User plane Function (UPF)
• QoS handling for User plane
– Packet routing & forwarding
– Packet inspection and Policy rule enforcement
– Lawful intercept (User Plane)
– Traffic accounting and reporting
– Anchor point for Intra-/Inter-RAT mobility
(when applicable)
– Support for interaction with external DN for
transport of signaling for PDU session
authorization/authentication by external DN
 Session Management Control
Function (SMF)
• Session Management
– UE IP address allocation & management (including optional
Authorization)
– Selection and control of User Plane function
– Termination of interfaces towards Policy control and Charging functions
– Control part of policy enforcement and QoS
– Lawful intercept (for Session Management events and interface to
Lawful Intercept System)
– Termination of Session Management parts of NAS messages
– Downlink Data Notification
– Initiator of Access Node specific Session Management information, sent
via AMF over NG2 to Access Node
– Roaming functionality
– Handle local enforcement to apply QoS SLAs (VPLMN)
– Charging data collection and charging interface (VPLMN)
– Lawful intercept (in VPLMN for Session Management events and
interface to Lawful Intercept System)
• Data Network (DN): Operator services, Internet access or
other services
Authentication Server Function (AUSF) – Performs
authentication processes with the UE
Unified Data Management (UDM) – Supports:
– Authentication Credential Repository and Processing
Function (ARPF); this function stores the long-term security
credentials used in authentication for AKA
– Storing of Subscription information
Policy Control Function (PCF) – Provides:
– Support of unified policy framework to govern network
behavior
– Policy rules to control plane function(s) that enforce them
Application Function (AF) – Requests dynamic policies
and/or charging control
 Network Interface Naming

• NG1: Reference point between the UE and the Access and Mobility
Management function
• NG2: Reference point between the gNB and the Access and Mobility
Management function
• NG3: Reference point between the gNB and the User plane function
(UPF)
• NG4: Reference point between the Session Management function
(SMF) and the User plane function (UPF)
• NG5: Reference point between the Policy Function (PCF) and an
Application Function (AF)
• NG6: Reference point between the User Plane function (UPF) and a
Data Network (DN)
• NG7: Reference point between the Session Management function
(SMF) and the Policy Control function (PCF)
• NG8: Reference point between Unified Data Management and AMF
• NG9: Reference point between two Core User plane functions (UPFs)
 Network Interface Naming

• NG10: Reference point between UDM and SMF

• NG11: Reference point between Access and Mobility
Management function (AMF) and Session Management
function (SMF)
• NG12: Reference point between Access and Mobility
Management function (AMF) and Authentication Server
function (AUSF)
• NG13: Reference point between UDM and Authentication
Server function (AUSF)
• NG14: Reference point between 2 Access and Mobility
Management function (AMF)
• NG15: Reference point between the PCF and the AMF in
case of non-roaming scenario, V-PCF and AMF in case of
roaming scenario
BSNL in 5G
 BSNL initiative in 5G
• BSNL is gearing up for 5G as signed MoUs
with Nokia, ZTE and a Korean firm.
• As Per BSNL HQ It is expects to start field trial
of 5G services by the end of this financial year.
• BSNL and NTT Advance Technology Corporation
(Telecom leader in Japan) along with their
partners in India Virgo Corp have signed a MoU
(memorandum of understanding) to collaborate
in futuristic technologies such as artificial
intelligence / IoT and jointly create a 5G test bed.
 Conclusion & Takeaways

 5G race is still going on, Commercial deployment of 5G systems is expected in years

2020+, Field trials planned from year 2018 onwards, not yet based on commercial
products.
 5G will provide at least a ten-fold improvement in user experience compared to 4G
in terms of peak data rates and minimal latency
 5G will deliver an ecosystem for sustainable technical and business innovation
 5G will support multi tenancy and network resource slicing models, New
architectures will be used (using Likely many of the generalized concepts –SDR, CR,
SDN, NFV, … )
 5G will be designed to be a sustainable and scalable technology
 5G spectrum and Bands not yet finalized
Thank you