ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S
WWW.PRENHALL.COM/ROBBINS

T E N T H E D I T I O N

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook
OBJECTIVES
AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,
YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. Define the key biographical characteristics.

2. Identify two types of ability.
LEARNING

3. Shape the behavior of others.

4. Distinguish between the four schedules of
reinforcement.
5. Clarify the role of punishment in learning.
6. Practice self-management
7. Exhibit effective discipline skills.

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 Biographical Characteristics

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 Ability

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 Dimensions of
Intellectual Ability

• Number aptitude
• Verbal comprehension
• Perceptual speed
• Inductive reasoning
• Deductive reasoning
• Spatial visualization
• Memory
EXHIBIT 2-1

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 Physical Ability

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 Nine Physical Abilities

Strength Factors
• Dynamic strength
• Trunk strength
• Static strength
• Explosive strength Flexibility Factors
• Extent flexibility
• Dynamic flexibility
Other Factors
• Body coordination
• Balance
• Stamina
EXHIBIT 2-2

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 The Ability-Job Fit

Ability-Job
Employee’s Fit Job’s Ability
Abilities Requirements

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 Learning

Learning
• Involves change
• Is relatively permanent
• Is acquired through experience

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 Theories of Learning

Key Concepts
• Unconditioned stimulus
• Unconditioned response
• Conditioned response

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 Theories of Learning (cont’d)

Key Concepts
• Reflexive (unlearned) behavior
• Conditioned (learned) behavior
• Reinforcement

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 Theories of Learning (cont’d)

Key Concepts
• Attention processes
• Retention processes
• Motor reproduction processes
• Reinforcement processes

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 Theories of Learning (cont’d)

Key Concepts
• Reinforcement is required to change behavior.
• Some rewards are more effective than others.
• The timing of reinforcement affects learning
speed and permanence.

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 Schedules of Reinforcement

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 Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d)

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 Schedules of Reinforcement

Fixed-ratio

EXHIBIT 2-4

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 Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement

EXHIBIT 2-5a

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 Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d)

EXHIBIT 2-5b

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 Behavior Modification

Problem-solving Model
• Identify critical behaviors
• Develop baseline data
• Identify behavioral consequences
• Apply intervention
• Evaluate performance improvement
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 OB MOD Organizational Applications
 Well Pay versus Sick Pay
– Reduce absenteeism by rewarding attendance, not
absence.
 Employee Discipline
– The use of punishment can be counter-productive.
 Developing Training Programs
– OB MOD methods improve training effectiveness.
 Self-management
– Reduces the need for external management control.

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