LESSON 1

The Different Organs of Digestion

 LESSON 1
The Different Organs of Digestion
 OBJECTIVES:
 Describe the different organs of digestion.
 State the function of each group in the
digestive process.
 Differentiate between mechanical and
chemical digestion.
 FUNCTIONS:
• Ingestion of food.
• Secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes.
• Mixing and movement of food and wastes through the body.
• Digestion of food into smaller pieces.
• Absorption of nutrients.
• Excretion of wastes.
 DIGESTION
phases
MECHANICAL CHEMICAL
Food is broken Food is acted
down into smaller upon by chemical
pieces by process substances called
of chewing or enzymes
mastication
 ORGANS
phases
ALIMENTARY ACCESSORY
CANAL GLAND
1. Mouth 1. Salivary glands
2. Pharynx 2. Liver
3. Esophagus 3. Gallbladder
4. Stomach 4. Pancreas
5. Small intestine
6. Large intestine
7. Rectum
8. Anus
 1. MOUTH
This is where digestion starts.

Teeth, tongue, ducts

of salivary gland and
palate
TEETH
Mechanically break
down food into
small pieces.
 TONGUE
It is a muscular
organ that mixes
the food with the
saliva
Taste buds – to taste
the food
DUCTS OF SALIVARY GLAND
The salivary glands
secrete saliva that
lubricates food.
PALATE
the roof of the
mouth

• Soft palate – posterior

• Hard palate –anterior
BOLUS
a ball-shaped mass
of a substance,
especially of chewed
food at the moment
of swallowing.
 PHARYNX
- Throat
- Located at the back of
the mouth.
- It is about 5 – 6 inches
long
- Common passage way
for digestion and
respiration
 PHARYNX
Sphincter muscle –
covers the esophagus so
air is freely enters the
trachea.
 ESOPHAGUS
- is a muscular tube
connecting the throat
(pharynx) with the
stomach.

- 8-10 inches long

 STOMACH
- Muscular, elastic, and pear-
shaped organ.
- 30.5 cm long and 15.2 cm
wide
- 0.94 liters – stomach
capacity
STOMACH
 GASTRIC JUICE
COMPRISE
Mucous- Parietal
secreting Chief cells G cells
cells
cells
SECRETE

Alkaline Hydrochloric Protein- Gastrin

mucus acid digesting
enzymes
 STOMACH
The contraction or
churning of the
stomach mixes the
food with gastric juice
until the food into
chyme (semi-fluid)
SMALL INTESTINE
- It is the organ of
complete digestion
and absorption

- 6 meters long and 2.5

cm in diameter
 SMALL INTESTINE

25 cm long

1.4 meters long

3.5 meters long
 LARGE INTESTINE
- Colon

- 1.5 meters long

and 5 cm in
diameter
LARGE INTESTINE
 RECTUM OR ANUS
- Rectum - distal end
of sigmoid colon
- 8 inches long

- Anus – exit point

for fecal materials
 SALIVARY GLANDS
- Located in the mouth
- 1 liter of saliva is
secreted at these
glands
- Ptyalin – digest
carbohydrates
 LIVER
- Largest organ
- Located at the upper
right side of the
upper abdomen
- FUNCTION:
Production of bile
 GALLBLADDER
- Bile is temporarily
stored and
concentrated in the
gallbladder

- 500 – 1000 ml bile

 PANCREAS
- Large, elongated
gland located at the
back of the stomach

- 18 cm and 4 cm
wide