Basic Concepts of Air

Conditioning

Ar.M.N.Praveen
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

S.A. DUCT

COIL COOL
AIR

HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 1
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

S.A.
S.A. DUCT TERMINAL

COIL COOL
AIR

HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 2
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

R.A. GRILL
S.A.
S.A. DUCT TERMINAL

COOL WARM AIR

COIL AIR

HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 3
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A.
S.A. DUCT TERMINAL

COIL COOL
AIR

HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 4
TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A.
S.A. DUCT TERMINAL

COIL COOL
AIR
HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 5
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A.
S.A. DUCT TERMINAL
R.A. DAMPER
COIL COOL
AIR
FRESH
OUTDOOR HEAT
AIR S.A.
FAN

O.A.
DAMPER
FILTER

Slide 6
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

E.A.
EXHAUST DAMPER
AIR R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A.
S.A. DUCT TERMINAL
R.A. DAMPER
COIL COOL
AIR
FRESH
OUTDOOR HEAT
AIR S.A.
FAN

O.A.
DAMPER
FILTER

Slide 7
 Economizer

• Provides cooling to space when outdoor air

temperatures are below 55 degrees
• Switches over automatically from mechanical
cooling
• Adjusts R.A. and F.A. dampers to maintain space
temp
• May incorporate enthalpy control
• Mandatory in some states based on unit capacity

Slide 8
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM
E.A.
EXHAUST DAMPER
AIR R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A.
S.A. DUCT TERMINAL
R.A. DAMPER
COIL COOL
AIR
FRESH
OUTDOOR HEAT
AIR S.A.
FAN

O.A.
DAMPER WATER PIPING
FILTER

CHILLED
WATER WATER
PUMP CHILLER

Slide 9
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM
E.A.
EXHAUST DAMPER
AIR R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A.
S.A. DUCT TERMINAL
R.A. DAMPER
COIL COOL
AIR
FRESH
OUTDOOR HEAT
AIR S.A.
FAN

O.A.
DAMPER WATER PIPING
FILTER

HEAT

COOLING
TOWER
CHILLED
WATER WATER
PUMP CHILLER
CONDENSER
PUMP
Slide 10
 Single Package Roof Top Unit

•Most common
•Entire hvac system is
located on mall roof
•Most common to have
roof leaks from roof curb,
condensate overflow or
roof punctures
Slide 11
Single Package Roof Top Unit
HEAT

COMP CONDR ELECTRIC

COIL HEATER
O.A.
FAN

E.A. S.A. DUCT

S.A.
R.A. DUCT TERMINAL

HEAT

Slide 12
 Single Package Roof Top Unit

• Rooftop package unit

• Mounted on adaptor
curb
• Power exhaust and
economizer installed

Slide 13
 Split System

• HVAC system split into 2 pieces

• Condensing unit located on roof (houses
compressor, condenser coil, condenser fan motor)
• Air handler located in space above ceiling (houses
blower assembly, evap coil, air filters)
• Connected electrically and with refrigerant piping
• Most prone to refrigerant leaks especially if long
distance between components
• Many times refrigerant lines are buried in
construction and inaccessible

Slide 14
 SPLIT SYSTEM
CONDENSING UNIT HEAT
REFRIGERANT C
LINES C O
O N
M AIR
P D
R

AIR HANDLING
UNIT
COIL
O.A. POSSIBLE
FAN ELECTRIC
HEAT
E.A. S.A. DUCT
R.A. DUCT

HEAT OPTIONAL
SUPPLEMENTARY
HEATING
SYSTEM

Slide 15
SPLIT SYSTEM

Slide 16
 Split System

• Air cooled condensing

unit
• Compressor, condenser
coil and condenser fans
• Connected to indoor air
handler

Slide 17
 VAV BOX
•Consists of VAV terminal
Variable Air Volume

box located in the space

above ceiling
•May have supplemental
blower motor for positive
airflow to space
•May have air filtration
•Has a damper inside that
opens and closes on demand
from thermostat to allow
more or less airflow to
space
Slide 18