SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES

Unit – 4
Power quality & EMC in smart grid
 CONTENT OF THE UNIT

• Introduction about power quality & EMC in

smart grid
• Power quality & EMC in smart grid
• Power quality issues of grid connected
renewable energy resources
• Power quality conditioners
• Web based power quality monitoring
• Power quality audit
 INTRODUCTION

• Smart Grid is increasingly seen as a climate friendly renewable

energy sources and to enable efficient use of electricity.

• For example, modern electrical networks can link wind- and solar
power with electric cars.

• A consequence of Smart Grid is a drastic increase in use of

electronics in the power system.

• This makes the satisfactory function of electrical and electronic

equipment vital for realization of a robust Smart Grid.

• EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility including Power Quality.

QUALITY OF POWER SUPPLY
Critical infrastructure of electrical power system
 Cont.,
Characteristic listed is that it Self-Heals from critical
infrastructure:

• Self-Heals
• Motivates and Includes the Consumer
• Resists Attack
• Provides Power Quality for 21st Century Needs
• Accommodates All Generation and Storage Options
• Enables Markets
• Optimizes Assets and Operates Efficiently
Relation between Power quality and
EMC in smart grid
EMC to cover electromagnetic phenomena from zero hertz. Furthermore the
IEC defines the following principal electromagnetic conducted phenomena:

Conducted low-frequency phenomena:

• Harmonics, interharmonics
• Signals superimposed on power lines
• Voltage fluctuations
• Voltage dips and interruptions
• Voltage unbalance
• Power frequency variations
• Induced low frequency voltages
• DC component in AC networks
Conducted high-frequency phenomena:
• Induced voltages or currents
• Unidirectional transients
• Oscillatory transients
 POWER QUALITY ISSUES OF GRID CONNECTED
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
• There are certain challenges in the integration of wind and solar systems
with grid directly.

• The use of Inverter is to take energy from grid when renewable energy is
insufficient.

• The connection of grid with renewable energy and disconnection is done in

100ms.

• The main function of converter in PV array connected grid system is to

correct the magnitude and phase of the output of PV system by taking the
feedback from utility grid (Shown in following figure)

• And in case of wind turbine connected grid system it works as isolation of

mechanical and electrical frequencies.
Grid connected PV array
Grid connected wind turbine
 Major Power quality issues
• Harmonics
• Frequency and voltage fluctuation
1. Grid-derived voltage fluctuations
2. Voltage imbalance
3. Voltage rise and reverse power flow
4. Power factor Correction
 Power quality conditioners

• Quality of power supply has become an important issue

with the increasing demand of Distributed Generation
(DG) systems.

• A technical review of Integration of Unified Power

Quality Conditioner(UPQC) in Distributed Generation
Network has been presented.

• Though the primary task of UPQC is to minimize the

grid voltage and load current disturbance along with the
reactive and harmonic.
Conceptual model of Smart Grid
POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER
(UPQC)
Functional block diagram of UPQC
 POWER QUALITY AUDIT
• The Power Quality Audit (PQA), is a service offered by the
PRASA’S technical support centre that checks the
reliability, efficiency and safety of an organisation’s
electrical system.
• It verifies the following aspects:

1. The continuity of the power supply: i.e., that the

power in the network is available on a regular basis and is
able to ensure the efficient operation of the equipment

2. The quality of the voltage: i.e., that there are no low

or high frequency disturbances in the network capable of
damaging the system components.
 RISKS WITHOUT AUDIT
• Ignoring the symptoms of possible disturbance
in the electrical system could lead to damaged
equipment,
• reducing the working efficiency,
• shortening the lifespan.
 The Improvement Measures
by using audit
• The quality of the energy can be improved by taking
action on 3 levels:
1) user’s electrical system ;
2) equipment connected to system ;
3) mains.

• If the problem is in the electrical system, the PQA

could advise the user to install active or passive filters,
harmonic compensators, emergency generators or UPS
systems, or to intervene directly on the system
structure.
 ADVANTAGES OF PQA

• The PQA final report provides a complete picture

of the electrical system’s correct state of
operation.
• The report is a tool of primary importance for
preventive maintenance
• In that, it lists all the measures to be taken
promptly when disturbances are detected, before
the negative impact on production and the
running of the equipment is felt.
THANK YOU