Multiplexing Techniques

Engr. Mansoor A. Soomro

Lecturer (EL- MUET)
Objectives
 Define Multiplexing
 Characteristics of Multiplexing
 Types of Multiplexing
 Frequency Division
 Time Division
 Synchronous Time Division
 Statistical / Asynchronous Time Division
 Wavelength time division
 Code division
 Comparison of multiplexing techniques
 Compression (Lossless vs. Lossy) -- SKIP
What is Multiplexing?
 It is a technique of transmitting multiple signals over
a single medium
 Medium is divided, giving each signal a portion of
total bandwidth
 Performed at the network access layer of the TCP/IP
model
Demultiplexer
 It is the reverse process of multiplexing
 It separates the into its component transmission
(one to many) and directs them to their intended
receiving devices
Multiplexors (MUX)
 Break one high-speed
communications circuit into several
lower speed circuits so that many
different devices can use it
simultaneously (to send and receive
data)
Other characteristics
 Multiplexing is done in multiples of 4
 Capacity of multiplexer =  of the capacity
of circuits it combines
 Used with analog signaling
 Guard bands are used to prevent
interference
Types of Multiplexing
 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
 Synchronous TDM
 T-1 multiplexing
 ISDN multiplexing
 SONET
 Statistical TDM
 Wavelength division multiplexing
 Code division multiplexing
Types of Multiplexing
Frequency Division Multiplexing
 Oldest, simplest, and most widely used
 Divides circuit capacity “horizontally”
 Medium is divided into separate channels
by assigning each channel a different
frequency used to transmit user’s signals
 Applications:
 Stereo FM transmission
 Telephone
 Television channels
Frequency Division Multiplexing
(continued)

Data Communications and Computer 9

Networks: A Business User's Approach,
Fifth Edition
Time Division Multiplexing
 Used for digital transmission

 Doesn’t need guard bands

 Divides available transmission time

on a medium among users

 Only one user at a time transmits

Synchronous TDM
 Take turns in round-robin fashion
 Types of sync TDM
 T-1 multiplexing

 ISDN multiplexing

 SONET
 Developed by ANSI
 Transmission over fiber optic cable
Synchronous Time Division
Multiplexing (continued)

Data Communications and Computer 12

Networks: A Business User's Approach,
Fifth Edition
Statistical TDM
 Transmission speed is selected
based on a statistical analysis of the
usage requirements of the circuits to
be multiplexed
 Only transmits data from active
users
Statistical Time Division
Multiplexing (continued)

Data Communications and Computer 14

Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth
Edition
Wavelength division multiplexing
 Multiplexes multiple data streams
onto a single fiber optic line

 Uses different wavelength (or

frequency) (colored) lasers to
transmit multiple signals at the same
time over a single medium
 Wavelength laser is known as lambdas
Code division multiplexing
 Assigns unique digital codes to each
user

 Based on spread spectrum technology

 Used by military, cell telephone

companies
Comparison of Multiplexing
Techniques

Data Communications and Computer 17

Networks: A Business User's Approach,
Fifth Edition
Comparison of Multiplexing
Techniques (continued)

Data Communications and Computer 18

Networks: A Business User's Approach,
Fifth Edition