QUALITY ASSURANCE

&
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA For CONCRETE
Ref:
Concrete Bridge Code
IS 456:2000
IS 1343:1980
 Concrete
concrete is the most
widely used man-
made material.
 Quality Assurance of Concrete
• Purpose of Quality Assurance

• to ensure that completed structure complies with requirements of

strength and durability.

• The construction should result in satisfactory strength,

serviceability and long term durability so that life cycle cost is
lower.
 Quality Assurance of Concrete

Essential components of Quality Assurance:

• Proper Design
• Use of adequate materials and components
• Proper workmanship
• Proper Care during use
• Timely maintenance and repair by owner
 Quality Assurance Measures (P 10, IS 456)
• Techincal
• Organizational
• Any general quality assurance plan should identify key elements necessary
to provide fitness of the structure and means by which they shall be
provided and measured with the overall purpose to provide confidence
that the work shall be satisfactory in service.
• Quality control and assurance will involve quality audit of both inputs as
well as outputs.
• Inputs: Materials, Workmanship in batching, mixing, transportation,
placing, compaction and curing, related plant, machinery and equipments.
• Output: Concrete in place.
• To ensure proper performance each step in concreting should be inspected
as work proceeds.
 Quality Assurance Measures (P 10, IS 456)
• Each party in project should Establish and Implement QAP.
• The individual QAP shall fit in the general QAP.
• A good QAP should cover
• Defining the task and responsibilities of all persons involved.
• Control and checking procedures.
• Organisation and maintenance of sufficient DOCUMENTATION of the process and its
results.
• DOCUMENTATION shall include
• Test report & Manufacturer’s certificate for Materials, Concrete Mix Design Details.
• Pour Card for Site Organisation and Clearance for Concrete placement.
• Record of site inspn of workmanship and field tests.
• Non conformance reports, change orders.
• Quality Control Charts.
• Statistical Analysis.
 Acceptance Criteria
In Railway works, following codes are to be followed for Concrete
Production

• For Bridges: IRS Concrete Bridge Code

• For other Structures (other than bridges): IS 456

 Sampling(IS 456)
• Sample shall be taken as per IS 1199
• Cubes shall be made, cured and tested at 28 days in accordance with
IS 516.
• To ascertain quickly quality of concrete compressive strength tests at
7 days may be carried out IN ADDITION TO 28 days strength.
• However, In all cases the 28 days compressive strength shall alone be
criterion for acceptance or rejection.
•
 Method Of Sampling IS 1199
• Minimum 6 Cubes of 150 x 150 x 150 mm size shall be
cast.
• 3 for 7-days testing and 3 for 28-days testing.
• One sample consists of a set of 3 cubes (specimen)
average strength of these 3 cubes will be the strength
of the sample.
• The individual variation of a set of 3 cubes should NOT
be more than ± 15% of the average.
• If more, the sampling procedure is improper and the
test result of the sample is invalid.
 CUBE MOULD:

• shall be made in such a manner as to

facilitate their separation into two parts.
• Cube moulds shall be provided with a
base plate and they shall be as per
IS:10086-1982.
•
 TAMPING ROD

As per IS:10086-1982,
• the tamping rod used for compaction of Cube sample shall
be 16±0.5 mm dia and 600±2 mm long with a rounded
working end and shall be made of mild steel.
 SAMPLE OF CONCRETE
• Shall be taken at the mixer or in the case of ready mixed
concrete from the transportation vehicle discharge.

• Such samples shall be obtained by repeatedly passing a

scoop or pail through the discharge stream of the concrete.

• The samples thus obtained shall be mixed on a non-

absorbent base with shovel until it is uniform in appearance.
 SAMPLE OF CONCRETE
• Sampling should be spread over the entire period of concreting and
the frequency of sampling of concrete of each grade shall be as
following:

Quantity of concrete in the work (m3) Number of samples

1-5 1
6-15 2
16-30 3
31-50 4
51 and above 4 plus one additional sample for each
additional 50 m3 or part thereof.
 CURING
• The casted cubes shall be stored under shed at a place free from the
vibration at a temperature 220C to 330C for 24 hours covered with
wet straw or gunny sacking.
• The cube shall be removed from the moulds at the end of 24 hours
and immersed in clean water at a temperature 24 deg C to 30 deg C
till the 7 or 28-days age of testing.
• The cubes shall be tested in the SSD (saturated and surface dry)
condition.
• For the true representation of actual strength of concrete in the
structure, extra cubes shall be cast, stored and cured as per the
identical conditions of that structure, and tested at required age.
 COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE
• The compression testing machine shall be as per IS:14858-2000.
• The machine shall be capable of applying the load at the specified
rate, uniformly without shock using manual or automatic control.
• The percentage of error shall not exceed ±1.0 percent of the
indicated load.
• On regular basis the machine should be calibrated with in a period
not exceeding 12 months from previous verification.
• The machine is required to be calibrated on original installation or
relocation, subject to major repairs or adjustment and whenever
there is reason to doubt the accuracy of the results, without regard
to the time interval since the last verification.
COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE
 TESTING OF CONCRETE CUBES
• The dimensions of the specimens to the nearest 0.2 mm and their weight
shall be noted before testing.

• The bearing surfaces of the testing machine shall be wiped clean and any
loose sand or other materials removed from the surface of the specimen
which are to be in contact with the compression platens.

• The cube shall be placed in the machine in such a manner that the load
shall be applied to opposite sides of the cubes as cast. Casted side is not
to the top and bottom.
• The axis of the specimen shall be carefully aligned with the centre of the
thrust of the spherically seated platen.
 TESTING OF CONCRETE CUBES
• No packing shall be used between the faces of the test specimen and the
steel plate of the testing machine.
• As the spherically seated block is brought to bear on the specimen, the
movable portion shall be rotated gently by hand so that uniform seating
may be obtained.
• The load shall be applied without shock and increased continuously at a
rate of approximately 140 kg/sq cm/min until the resistance of the
specimen to the increasing load breaks down and no greater load can be
sustained.
• The maximum load applied to the specimen shall then be recorded and the
appearance of the concrete and any unusual features in the type of failure
shall be noted.
• The compressive strength of concrete shall be calculated from: Maximum
load/Cross-Sectional area of cube.
• To be reported to the nearest 0.5N/mm 2
Compressive strength of concrete at various
ages:
• The strength of concrete increases with age.
• Generally the strength will be as below:

Age Strength
1 day 16%
3 days 40%
7 days 65%
14 days 90%
28 days 99%
 ACCEPTANCE IS 456:2000 (P 16)

Compressive Strength
The concrete shall be deemed to comply with the strength
requirements when BOTH the following condition are met:
a) The MEAN strength determined from any group of FOUR NON
OVERLAPPING CONSECUTIVE test results compiles with the
appropriate limits in col 2 of Table 11.
b) Any INDIVIDUAL test result complies with the appropriate limits in
col 3 of Table 11.
Table 11: Characteristic Compressive Strength Compliance Requirement
Specified MEAN of the group of 4 non-overlapping INDIVIDUAL test results
grade consecutive test results in N/mm2 in N/mm2
M-15 >= fck + 0.825 x established standard deviation >= fck – 3 N/mm2
(rounded off to nearest 0.5 N/mm2)
OR
fck + 3 N/mm2
WHICHEVER IS GREATER
M-20 or >= fck + 0.825 x established standard deviation >= fck – 3 N/mm2
above (rounded off to nearest 0.5 N/mm2)
OR
fck + 3 N/mm2
WHICHEVER IS GREATER
 Note to Table 11 (IS 456: 2000)
NOTE-
1. In the absence of established value of standard deviation. the values given in Table 8 may be assumed
and attempt should be made to obtain results of 30 samples as early as possible to establish the value of SD.
2. For concrete of quantity upto 30 cum (where the number of samples to be taken is LESS THAN FOUR as
per the frequency of sampling given in 15.2.2), the mean of test results of all such samples shall be fck + 4
N/mm2 minimum and the requirement of minimum individual test results shall be fck – 2 N/mm2,
minimum. However, when the number of sample is only one as per 15.2.2, the requirement shall be fck+4
N/mm2, minimum
 Table 11: Characteristic Compressive Strength Compliance Requirement
After accounting for NOTE 2

Specified Quantity / No. of MEAN of the group of 4 non-overlapping INDIVIDUAL test results
grade sample consecutive test results in N/mm2 in N/mm2
Only ONE Sample Result >= fck + 4 N/mm2 NA
(3 cubes)
Upto >= fck + 0.825 x established SD

M-20 or 30 cum (rounded off to nearest 0.5 N/mm2) >= fck – 2 N/mm2
above (Sample < 4) OR Mean of all >= fck + 4 N/mm2
WHICHEVER IS GREATER
More than 30 cum >= fck + 0.825 x established SD
(Sample > 4) (rounded off to nearest 0.5 N/mm2) >= fck – 3 N/mm2
OR fck + 3 N/mm2
WHICHEVER IS GREATER
Table 8 IS 456:2000 Assumed SD (Cl 9.2.4.2 & Table 11)
Grade Of Concrete Assumed SD (N/mm2) NOTE:
The above values correspond to the site control
M 10
M 15
3.5 having proper storage of cement weigh batching of
all material; controlled addition of water; regular
checking of all materials, aggregate gradings and
M 20 moisture content; and periodical checking of

M 25
4.0 workability and strength. Whre there is deviation
from above the values given in the abpve table shall
be increased by 1 N/mm2.
M 30
M 35
M 40 5.0
M 45
M 50
M 55
M 60
 ACCEPTANCE IS 456:2000 (P 16)

Flexural Strength
The concrete shall be deemed to comply with the specified
Flexural strength requirements when BOTH the following condition
are met:
a) The MEAN strength determined from any group of FOUR consecutive
test results exceeds the specified characteristic strength by at least 0.3
N/mm2 .
b) The strength determined from any test result is not less than the
specified characteristic strength less 0.3 N/mm2
 ACCEPTANCE IS 456:2000 (P 16.3)

• Quantity Of Concrete represented by strength test result: The

quantity of concrete represented by a group of FOUR consecutive test
results shall include the batches from which the first and last samples
were taken together with all intervening batched.
• For individual test result requirement only the particular batch from
which the sample was taken shall be at risk.
• Where mean rate of sampling is not specified the maximum quanitiy
of concrete that four consecutive test results represent shall be
limited to 60 m3.
• Concrete of each grade should be assessed separately.
 ACCEPTANCE IS 456:2000 (P 16.4 to 16.6)
• If the concrete is deemed not to comply pursuant to 16.3. The
structural adequacy of the parts affected shall be investigated (see 17)
and any consequential action as needed shall be taken.
• Concrete is liable to be rejected
• If it is POROUS or HONEY-COMBED.
• Its placing has been interrupted without providing a proper construction joint.
• The reinforcement has been displaced beyond the tolerances specified.
• OR construction tolerances have not been met.
• However, the hardened concrete may be accepted after carrying out
suitable remedial measures to the satisfaction of the engineer in-
charge.
 IS 456:2000 INSPECTION AND TESTING OF STRUCTURES (P17)
• An Inspection Procedure should be set up covering materials, records,
workmanship and construction to ensure compliance.
• Tests should be made on reinforcement and the constituent materials of
concrete as per standards.
• Use suitable quality assurance schemes.
• Care should be taken to see that:
• Design and detail are capable of being executed to a suitable standard, with due
allowance for dimensional tolerances;
• There are clear instructions on inspection standards;
• There are clear instructions on permissible deviations;
• Elements critical to workmanship, structural performance, durability and appearance
are identified;
• There is a system to verify that the quality is satisfactory in individual parts of the
structure, especially the critical ones;
 IS 456:2000 INSPECTION AND TESTING OF STRUCTURES (P17)
• Immediately after stripping the formwork, all concrete shall be
carefully inspected and any defective work or small defects either
removed or made good before concrete has thoroughly hardened.
• In case of doubt regarding the grade of concrete used, either due to
poor workmanship or based on results of cube strength tests,
compressive strength tests of concrete on the basis of CORE TEST
(17.4) and/or LOAD TEST (17.6) may be carried out.
 ACCEPTANCE (IRS Concrete Bridge Code)

• Samples from fresh concrete shall be taken as per IS:1199 and cubes shall
be made, cured and tested at 28 days in accordance with IS: 516 (Same as
IS code).
• In order to get a relatively quick idea of the quality of concrete, optional
tests on beams for modulus of rupture at 72 hours or at 7 days, or
compressive strength tests at 7 days may be carried out in addition to 28
days compressive strength tests.
• For this purpose, the values given in Table 7 may be taken for general
guidance in case of concrete made with ordinary Portland cement.
• In all cases, the 28 days compressive strength specified in Table 2 shall
alone be the criterion for acceptance or rejection of the concrete.
TABLE 7 :OPTIONAL TESTS REQUIREMENTS OF
CONCRETE (Clause 8.7.1.1) IRS CBC
 ACCEPTANCE (IRS Concrete Bridge Code)
• Sampling Procedure: Random sampling procedure, the sampling
should be spread over the entire period of concreting and cover all
mixing units.
• Frequency –
Quantity of concrete in the work (m3) Number of samples
1-5 1
6-15 2
16-30 3
31-50 4
51 and above 4 plus one additional sample for each
additional 50 m3 or part thereof.

• Note: At least one sample comprising of 3 cubes shall betaken from

each shift.
 ACCEPTANCE (IRS Concrete Bridge Code)
• 8.7.4 Test Strength of Sample: (Same as IS)
• The test strength of the sample shall be the average of the strength of
three specimens.
• The individual variation should not be more than +/- 15 per cent of
the average.
• If more, the test results of the sample are invalid.
• When individual variation exceeds this limit, the procedure for the
fabrication of specimen and calibration of the testing machine should
be checked.
 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (IRS Concrete Bridge Code)
• 8.7.6.1 Compressive strength
• When both the following conditions are met, the concrete complies
with the specified compressive strength:
• (a) The MEAN strength determined from any group of FOUR
CONSECUTIVE test results complies with the appropriate limits in
column A of table 9 ;
• (b) Any INDIVIDUAL test results complies with the appropriate limits
in Column B of table 9.
TABLE-9: CHARACTERISTIC COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH COMPLIANCE
REQUIREMENTS

Specified Group of
grade test
A B
The mean of the group of test result Any individual test result is not less than
results
exceeds the specified characteristic the characteristic compressive strength
Compressive strength by at least: less:
M20 & Any 3 N/mm2 3 N/mm2
above consecutive (fck + 3 N/mm2 ) (fck - 3 N/mm2 )
4
 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (IRS Concrete Bridge Code)
• Flexural strength (Same as IS)
• When both the following conditions are met, the concrete complies
with the specified flexural strength:
• (a) The mean strength determined from any group of four
consecutive test results exceeds the specified characteristic strength
by at least 0.3 N/mm2.
• (b) The strength determine from any test result is not less than the
specified characteristic strength less 0.3 N/mm2.
 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (IRS Concrete Bridge Code)
• 8.7.6.3 Quantity of Concrete Represented by Strength Test Results- The
quantity of concrete represented by a group of 4 consecutive test results
shall include the batches from which the FIRST and LAST samples were
taken together with all intervening batches.
• For the INDIVIDUAL test result requirements given in column B of table-9 or
in item (b) of 8.7.6.2 only the particular batch from which the sample was
taken shall be at risk.
• Where the mean rate of sampling is not specified the maximum quantity of
concrete that four consecutive test results represent shall be limited to
60m3.
• 8.7.6.4 If the concrete is deemed not to comply pursuant to 8.7.6.2, the
structural adequacy of the parts affected shall be investigated and any
consequential action as needed shall be taken.
• 8.7.6.5 Concrete of each grade shall be assessed separately.
• 8.7.6.6 Concrete shall be assessed DAILY for compliance.
 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (IRS Concrete Bridge Code)
• 8.7.6.7 Concrete is liable to be rejected if
• It is porous or honey combed.
• Its placing has been interrupted without providing a proper construction joint.
• The reinforcement has been displaced beyond the tolerances specified.
• Or construction tolerances have not been met.
• However, the hardened concrete may be accepted after carrying out
suitable remedial measures to the satisfaction of the engineer.
• It is exceedingly difficult and costly to alter concrete once placed.
Hence, constant and strict supervision by a competent person of all
the items of the construction is necessary during the progress of the
work, including the proportioning and mixing of the concrete.
Supervision by a competent person is also of extreme importance to
check the reinforcement and its placing before being covered.
 Illustration for Site concrete acceptance (IS Code)
In one shifts 4 m3 foundation concrete was done.

Cube test results Average fav 0.85 fav 1.15 fav Acceptance 25 + 4 = 29 N/mm2(Min)
Shift
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 Individual: NA

Rejected due to:

a) Minimum strength of 29 N/mm2
achieved
1. 24, 30, 36 30 25.5 34.5
BUT
b) Variation in strength of cubes (24 &
36) is out of range +/-15% of average

NOTE: Due to doubtful concrete the work was STOP. Concrete was tested by rebound hammer and drilled cores.
From test results the foundation concrete found to be of M29 grade.
The work was started only when new cube moulds, properly calibrated compression testing machine was purchased
and laboratory staff was trained in all the site testing work
 Illustartion for Site concrete acceptance (IS Code)

In one shifts 4 m3 foundation concrete was done.

Cube test results Average fav 0.85 fav 1.15 fav Acceptance 25+4 = 29 N/mm2(Min)
Shift
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 Individual: NA

Rejected due to:

1. 25, 30, 24
26.33 22.1 = 22 29.9 = 30
a) Minimum strength of 29 N/mm2
NOT achieved
=26 b) Variation in strength cubes is within
range +/-15% of average

NOTE: Due to doubtful concrete the work was STOP. Concrete was tested by rebound hammer and drilled cores.
From test results the foundation concrete found to be of M25 grade.
The work was started only when new cube moulds, properly calibrated compression testing machine was purchased
and laboratory staff was trained in all the site testing work
 Illustartion for Site concrete acceptance (IS Code)

In one shifts 4 m3 foundation concrete was done.

Cube test results Average fav 0.85 fav 1.15 fav Acceptance 25+4 = 29 N/mm2(Min)
Shift
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 Individual: NA

Passed due to:

1. 33, 30, 29
30.66 26.35 = 26 35.65 = 36
a) Minimum strength of 29 N/mm2
achieved
=31 b) Variation in strength cubes is within
the range +/-15% of average
 Illustartion for Site concrete acceptance. (IS Code)

In 3 shifts 27 m3 foundation concrete was done.

Cube test Average

0.85 fav 1.15 fav Acceptance fck + 4 N/mm2 = 29
Shift results fav
N/mm2 N/mm2 Individual: fck – 2 N/mm2 = 23
N/mm2 N/mm2

1. 33, 29, 32 31.3 26.6 36.0 Av = 31.3

2. 24, 32, 28 28.0 23.8 32.2 Av = 28.0
3. 25, 29, 32 28.7 24.4 33.0 Av = 28.7
Mean = 29.3 N/mm2
Remarks
(1) All the cubes strength are within +15% of average
(2) From shifts 1, 2 and 3 all cubes strength are > 23 N/mm2.
(3) Average cubes strength of shift 1, 2 and 3 is 29.3 N/mm2 which is > 29 N/mm2.
Foundation concrete is accepted as M25 grade.
 Site concrete acceptance (IS Code)
• In 6 shifts 75 m3 roof slab concrete was done.
Acceptance
Cube test Average
0.85 fav 1.15 fav Mean 25 + 0.825 × 4 = 28.3 N/mm2
Shift results fav
N/mm2 N/mm2 OR 25 + 3 = 28 (Greater is 28.3 ~ 28.5 N/mm2)
N/mm2 N/mm2
Individual 25 – 3 = 22 N/mm2
1. 22, 28, 26 25.3 21.5 29.1 Av = 25.3
2. 26, 24, 28 26.0 22.1 29.9 Av = 26.0
3. 31, 35, 33 33.0 28.1 38.0 Av = 33.0
4. 32, 31, 33 32.0 27.2 36.8 Av = 32.0
5. 31, 32, 33 32.0 27.2 36.8 Av = 32.0
6. 26, 25, 24 25.0 21.3 28.0 Av = 25.0

Remarks:
(1) All the cubes strength are within +15% of average
(2) Mean of shift 1, 2, 3, 4 cubes is 29.1 N/mm2 which is > 28.5 N/mm2.
(3) Mean of shift 5 & 6 is 28.5 N/mm2 which is > 28.5 N/mm2.
(5) All the cubes strength are > 22 N/mm2
It is concluded that the roof slab concrete COMPLY with compressive strength requirements of M25 grade
 Illustration IR CBC
• Strength required as per drawing = M 30
• Mean of FOUR consecutive test result > 30 + 3 = 33
• Individual > 30 – 3 = 27
• At an LHS site 60 cum concreting was done in ONE shift.
• Number of sampled to be taken 4+1 = 5
• i.e. 5 X 3 = 15 cubes should be cast. More if 7 day strength is required.
 Illustration for IR CBC
Cube test Average Acceptance
0.85 fav 1.15 fav
Shift results fav Mean 30 + 3 = 33 N/mm2
N/mm2 N/mm2
N/mm2 N/mm2 Individual 30 - 3 = 27 N/mm2
1. 32, 31, 33 32.0 27.2 36.8 Av = 32.0
2. 31, 32, 33 32.0 27.2 36.8 Av = 32.0
3. 34, 35, 36 35.0 29.7 40.2 Av = 35.0
4. 32, 33, 34 33.0 28.0 38.0 Av = 33.0
5. 33, 34, 35 34.0 28.9 39.1 Av = 34.0

Remarks:
(1) All the cubes strength are within +15% of average
(2) Mean of row 1, 2, 3, 4 cubes is 33 N/mm2 which is > 33.0 N/mm2.
(3) Average of row 2, 3, 4, 5 cubes is 33.5 N/mm2 which is > 33.0 N/mm2.
(4) All the cubes strength are > 27 N/mm2
It is concluded that the LHS concrete COMPLY with compressive strength requirements of M30 grade.
 Significance of SD value
• IS 456:
• For a concreting of < 30 cum if SD is not below 4.84 (4/0.825) then
the mean of the group of 4 non-overlapping consecutive test results
in N/mm2 required to be achieved will increase. If it is less than 4.84
then fck + 4 N/mm2 will prevail.
• Thus a low SD value achieved at site is REWARDED by giving a lower
target mean strength and a higher SD value at site is negatively
rewarded by raising the target mean strength.
 Significance of SD value
• CBC:
• CBC requires SD value to be calculated and kept updated for each mix
design at least once in a month. The results can be compared with
Table 8 for assessing whether site performance is better than
assumed SD or worse.
• However, the target mean strength to be achieved is not dependent
on it and it is for the Engineer to order corrective action based on SD
calculations.
 IS 456:2000 Core Test (P17.4)

• The points from which cores are to be taken and the number of cores
required shall be at the DISCRETION OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE and
shall be representative of the whole of concrete concerned.
• BUT NOT LESS THAN THREE.
• FOLLOW IS 516.
• 17.4.3 Concrete in the member represented by a core test shall be
considered acceptable if the average equivalent cube strength of the cores
is equal to at least 85 % of the cube strength of the grade of concrete
specified for the corresponding age and no individual core has a strength
less than 75 %.
• In case the core test results do not satisfy the requirements of 17.4.3 or
where such tests have not been done, load test (17.6) may be resorted to.
 IS 456:2000 Load Tests for Flexural Member (P 17.6)
• Carried out as soon as after 28 days of last pouring.
• DL + 1.25 LL for 24 hrs and LL removed.
• Deflection due to imposed load only should be recorded.
• After 24 hrs of removal of LL if recovery is less than 75% the repeat
the cycle after 72 hrs. Now recovery should be atleast 80%. If not
then structure is UNACCEPTABLE.
• If deflection is less than 40 l2/D, (l eff span in M and D overall depth in
mm) then recovery criteria does not apply.
IS 456:2000 For otther than flexural members (P.17.7)

• Members (other than Flexural Members Member)should he

preferably investigated by analysis.
 IS 456:2000 Non-destructive Tests NDT (P 17.8)
• Non-destructive tests are used to obtain estimation of the properties of
concrete in the structure.
• Methods:
• Ultrasonic pulse velocity (IS 13311)
• Rebound hammer (IS 13311 )
• Probe Penetration.
• Pull Out Test
• Maturity test.
• NDT provide alternatives to core tests for estimating the strength of
concrete in a structure. OR
• Can supplement the data obtained from a limited number of cores.
• Any of the above method can be adopted BUT Acceptance Criteria shall be
AGREED BEFORE TESTING.
THANKS