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The document discusses chemical hazards in the workplace. It covers:
1. Definitions of chemical hazards and exposure pathways like inhalation and skin absorption.
2. Common types of chemical hazards like gases, vapors, dusts and their physical forms.
3. Sources of chemical hazards from raw materials, waste and byproducts.
4. Health effects of chemicals on organs like the respiratory system and different toxin types. Prevention methods like substitution, ventilation and personal protective equipment are also summarized.
The document discusses chemical hazards in the workplace. It covers:
1. Definitions of chemical hazards and exposure pathways like inhalation and skin absorption.
2. Common types of chemical hazards like gases, vapors, dusts and their physical forms.
3. Sources of chemical hazards from raw materials, waste and byproducts.
4. Health effects of chemicals on organs like the respiratory system and different toxin types. Prevention methods like substitution, ventilation and personal protective equipment are also summarized.
The document discusses chemical hazards in the workplace. It covers:
1. Definitions of chemical hazards and exposure pathways like inhalation and skin absorption.
2. Common types of chemical hazards like gases, vapors, dusts and their physical forms.
3. Sources of chemical hazards from raw materials, waste and byproducts.
4. Health effects of chemicals on organs like the respiratory system and different toxin types. Prevention methods like substitution, ventilation and personal protective equipment are also summarized.
1. Mahasiswa mengetahui pengertian Hazard Kimia 2. Mahasiswa mengerti mengenai paparan Hazard Kimia 3. Mahasiswa mengerti jenis-jenis Hazard Kimia dan pengaruhnya ke tubuh manusia 4. Mahasiswa mengetahui cara pencegahan dan pengendalian Hazard Kimia Bahaya kimia merupakan bahaya yang berasal dari bahan kimia yang ada di tempat kerja Bentuk fisik bahan kimiawi 1. Padat dan cair 2. Debu (Airborne Dust) 3. Suspensi partikel padat di udara sebagai hasil dari proses mekanik seperti grinding, sawing, drilling, crushing dll 4. Uap (Vapour) 5. Bentuk gas dari bahan kimia pada suhu ruangan : Solvent 6. Kabut (Mist) 7. Butir – butir cairan dan padat di udara : Spary painting, welding fumes 8. Gas: 02,CO2, N2 dll – Bahan baku – Bahan tambahan – Bahan yang membantu proses (katalisator, pelarut, oksidator, dll) – Buangan proses (Gas buang, hasil samping) – Produk – Sisa proses (limbah) 1. Bahan Organik Simpel aromatik: BTX Alifatik: 2-Hexana Alkohol, aldehyde (Gas, Cair) : Formaldehyde Pestisida: Organofosfat (Insectisida) 2. Bahan Anorganik Asam dan basa Gas : CO2, H2S,CS2 Logam berat : Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, NI, Ar, Cu Serat Mineral : Asbestos 1. Sistem pernafasan Hidung Tenggorokan Saluran udara (Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Alveolus) Untuk gas tergantung kelarutan dalam air, untuk debu tergantung ukuran partikel 2. Kulit : Intak atau luka; kelarutan bahan dalam lemak 3. Pencernaan : Makan, minum, dan merokok ditempat kerja Iritasi : Selaput pernafasan dan mata Alergi Asphyxia : Simple/Teratogenik Pneumocogenik Mutegenic Carcinogenic Keracunan sistemik Hematotoxicity : Benzene, Aromatic amines Hepatotoxicity : PVC, CC14, DMF Nephrotoxicity : Heavy metals Neurotoxicity : Organic solvents, Pesticides Pulmonotocity : Free Silica, Paraquat Immunotoxicity : Resins, Metals Reproductive Toxicity: DBCP, Pb Benzena N-Hexane Formaldehyde Trychloretthylene Benzo(a) Pyrene OP Pesticides Heavy metals Hydrogen Sulfide Asbestos Free Silica Exposure : Solvents, Oil and Gas Carsinogen: - ACGIH : A1 Menyebabkan Leukimia - ACGIH : TLV (2006) 0.5 ppm (TWA) 2.5 ppm (STEL) Absorption : Inhalation, Skin BEI : S-Phenyl mercapturic acids in Urin T- Muconic acids in Urin Exposure: Solvent Health effect: - Neuropathy Peripheral - CNS Impairment - Irritation, eye Absorption: Inhalation and skin TLV ACGIH (2006) - 50 ppm (TWA) BEI : 2.5 Hexanedion in Urine Exposure: Degreasing, dry cleaning, anesthetic Target organ - CNS : Headache - Liver damage Absorption : Inhalation ACGIH TLV (2006) - 50 ppm (TWA) - 100 ppm (STEL) Trichloroacetic acid in Urin Exposure: Bonding agent, solvent, preservative, Cigarrette smoke, Textile Product Health effect: - Irritation - Human Carcinogen (IARC Category 1) - Sensitizer : Skin, Respiratory sistem Absorption : Inhalation ACGIH-TLV (2006) : 0.3 ppm (Ceiling) Exposure : Industrial, Cigarette smoke Absorption : Inhalation Hematological and immunological effects Cancer in experimental animal ACGIH : A2 TLV ACGIH (2006) : None Exposure should be ALARP E.g Parathion Exposure - Formulation - Application Health effect : Cholinergic action = ACE Inhibitor Absorption : Inhalation and Skin TLV : 0.05 mg/m3 (TWA) (ACGIH 2006) BEI: p-nitrophenol in Urin / CE activity in RBC Absorption : Inhalation, Skin Health effect : CNS, Kidney, Reproductive ACGIH-TLV (2006) : 0.025mg/m3 (TWA) BEI : Hg in Urine Exposure: Oil and Gas, Textile Health effect : - Chemical asphyxiant - Irritation - CNS ACGIH –TLV (2006) - 10 ppm (TWA) - 15 ppm (STEL) Exposure : - Asbestos factory, Maintenance works Health effect: - Asbestosis, Lung cancer (A1) TLV-ACGIH (2006) - All forms 0.1 fiber / cc Exposure : - Glass manufactory - Cement Manufactory Health effects : - Pulmonary fibrosis - Lung cancer ( A2) ACGIH TLV (2006) : 0.025 mg/m3 (resp) TWA Menghilangkan bahaya; menghilangkan bahan beracun atau prosesnya, atau melakukan substitusi dengan bahan yang lebih aman Menjaga jarak atau pemisah antara pekerja dan bahan kimiawi Ventilasi: umum atau lokal Alat pelindung diri Personal hygiene Identifikasi Labelling MSDS SDS Storage Transport Handling and use Respirator - Pembersih udara - Penyalur udara (SCBA) Face mask, goggles Pelindung Kulit - Sarung tangan - Clemek - Coverall Safety boots ACGIH – Bahan karsinogenik dibagi 5 kategori: A1 Confirmed Human Carcinogen A2 Suspected Human Carcinogen A3 Confirmed Animal Carcinogen A4 Not classifiable as human carcinogen A5 Not suspected as human carcinogen TERIMA KASIH