ALCOHOL

GROUP 1
Chemical structure of Alcohol

Alcohols are organic molecules

assembled from carbon (C), oxygen
(O), and hydrogen (H) atoms. When 2
carbons are present, the alcohol is
called ethanol (also known as ethyl
alcohol). Ethanol is the form of
alcohol contained in beverages
including beer, wine, and liquor.
Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a
psychoactive substance that is the active ingredient in drinks
such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor). It is one of
the oldest and most common recreational substances, causing
the characteristic effects of alcohol intoxication
("drunkenness").Among other effects, alcohol produces a
mood lift and euphoria, decreased anxiety, increased
sociability, sedation, impairment of cognitive, memory, motor,
and sensory function, and generalized depression of central
nervous system function. Ethanol is a type of chemical
compound known as an alcohol, and is the only type of alcohol
that is found in alcoholic beverages or is commonly used for
recreational purposes; other alcohols such as methanol and
isopropyl alcohol are toxic.
The chemical composition of ethanol can be
represented either as a
1) molecular formula
2) structural formula
The molecular formula of ethanol is C2H6O,
indicating that ethanol contains two carbons
and an oxygen. However, the structural
formula of ethanol, C2H5OH, provides a little
more detail, and indicates that there is an
hydroxyl group (-OH) at the end of the 2-
carbon chain
NOMENCLATURE
The alcohol functional group HYDROXYL is an –OH group .
When naming alcohols , the –e is removed from the
hydrocarbon name and an –ol suffix is added . A number in
front of the hydrocarbon name tells the location of the alcohol
group.

For example
1 butanol , there are four carbon atoms, so the parent
hydrocarbon name is butane . The –e is dropped from butane
and –ol is added, resulting a butanol . The one indicates the
alcohol group(-OH) is on the first carbon.
Alcohol Molecule Classification
Molecules can be classified based on the number of alcohol groups.

MONOHYDRIC
One alcohol group on the molecule

DIHYDRIC
Two alcohol group on the molecule

POLYHYDRIC
More than 2 alcohol groups on the molecule
Alcohols are known to be one among
most of the commonly occurring organic
compounds. These are utilized in the
form of sweeteners, preparation of
perfumes, and sometimes in the process
of synthesizing other compounds,
wherein some other are abundantly
manufactured in organic chemicals
coming in various industries.
 Alcohol Functional Group
Classification
Alcohols can be classified based on the carbon to which they
are attached.

Primary alcohols
The carbon is attached to a carbon with two hydrogens.

Secondary Alcohols
The carbon is attached to a carbon with one hydrogen.

Tertiary Alcohols
The carbon atom is attached with no hydrogen
3 TYPES OF ALCOHOL

Isoprophyl
Is also called isopropanol or 2-propanol or
rubbing alcohol(C3H8O) more commonly
find use among physicians ,who rub the
poisonous substance onto surfaces ,tools
and human body for it’s cooling and
disinfecting properties.
Methyl Alcohol
Also called methanol and ewood alcohol,
primarily finds use as an industrial solvent.

Ethyl Alcohol
Sometimes called grain alcohol ,in beverages.
People usually imbibe ethyl alcohol in a diluted
solution.