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Person Course 3
Hazards of Excavations
Cave Ins
Legal Stuff
• Warning:
• It should be
noted that all
excavations,
no matter
what depth,
may be
hazardous.
Cave-in Facts
Cave In
This worker is in a
trench with no
protective
system, that is
not sloped or
benched and has
no means of
egress
Surface Encumbrances
• 1926.651(a)
• Surface encumbrances. All
surface encumbrances that
are located so as to create
a hazard to employees
shall be removed or
supported, as necessary,
to safeguard employees.
Surface Encumbrances
How Sloping Works
This excavation
has inadequate
support posts
and egress
access.
• Install intermediate
struts as necessary
from the lightweight
staging (and install
edge protection as
necessary to prevent
people falling into
the trench)
Shoring
•Remove the
lowest brace.
Backfilling
•Backfill and
compact.
Remote Compactor
Backfilling
•Remove next
brace.
Backfilling
•Backfill and
compact.
Backfilling
•Remove the
last brace.
Backfilling
•Backfill and
compact.
Backfilling
•Open ends
of shield
must be
protected.
Shields and Slopes
• Cut a
walkway
around the
shield to
prevent
workers
from
walking on
the soil at
an angle.
How To Move The Trench Box
•Employees are
not allowed in the
shield when it is
being moved.
Can Trench Boxes Be Stacked?
Only if the
tabulated
data of
the trench
box allows
it.
Shields
Worker must
remain inside the
box at all times.
This excavation
can cave in from
the top of the
shield
Shields
Worker
must
remain
inside the
box at all
times.
Shields
• Only 2 feet
below the
shield is
permitted – if
the
manufacturers
instructions say
so!
More Than 2 Feet.
Shields
• Hazard from
breaking utilities
due to soil
movement.
• If shields are to
prevent soil
movement they
must be
properly
backfilled.
Shields
• Signs of distress.
• Ensure there is no
soil loss behind or
below the shield
Soil Loss
• The area around
the shield must be
backfilled.
Shields
• Don’t backfill
while
employees
are inside the
shield
• They can be
struck by
earth and
rock.
Side of box is
not protected.