3.

3 The Periodic Table

and the Elements

Dr. Fred Omega Garces

Chemistry 100
Miramar College

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 The Periodic Table and the Elements
What is the periodic table ?
What information is obtained from the table ?
How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ?

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 Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany)
published nearly identical classification schemes
for elements known to date. The periodic table is
base on the similarity of properties and reactivities
exhibited by certain elements. Later, Henri
Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established that
each elements has a unique atomic number, which
is how the current periodic table is organized.

http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html
3 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
 The Periodic Table
A map of the building block of matter.
1 18
IA VIIIA
1 H
1 2
IIA
Periodic Table 13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA He
2

1.00797 4.0026
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.939 9.0122 10.811 12.0112 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984 20.179
11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.9898 24.305 26.9815 28.086 30.9738 32.064 35.453 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.102 40.08 44.956 47.90 50.942 51.996 54.9380 55.847 58.9332 58.71 63.54 65.37 65.37 72.59 74.9216 78.96 79.909 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.905 91.22 92.906 95.94 [99] 101.07 102.905 106.4 107.870 112.40 114.82 118.69 121.75 127.60 126.904 131.30
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.905 137.34 138.91 178.49 180.948 183.85 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.09 196.967 200.59 204.37 207.19 208.980 [210] [210] [222]
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109
7 Fr Ra Ac Ku http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html
[223] [226] [227] [260]

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 Periodic Table Expanded View
The way the periodic table usually seen
is a compress view, placing the
Lanthanides and actinides at the
bottom of the stable.
The Periodic Table can be arrange by
subshells. The s-block is Group IA and &
IIA, the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA. The
d-block is the transition metals, and the f-
block are the Lanthanides and Actinide
metals

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 Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement
Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals
1 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

4
Nonmetals
5 Metals
6

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 Periodic Table: The three broad Classes
Main, Transition, Rare Earth
Main (Representative), Transition metals, lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)

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 Reading the Periodic Table: Classification
Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases

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 Across the Periodic Table
Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the
periodic table (rows 1-7)
1
These elements have the same number of valence shells. 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

2nd Period
2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

6th Period
6

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 Down the Periodic Table
Family: Are arranged vertically down the periodic table
(columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)
These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most
shells, the valence shell.
1 18
IA VIIIA
2 Alkali Family: 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
1 e- in the valence shell
2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

4
Halogen Family:
5 7 e- in the valence shell

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 Infamous Families of the Periodic Table
Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
Alkali Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkaline Chalcogens
1
IA
(earth) 18
VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA
Transition Metals IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

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 Important members - the Elements

Individual members of selected Elements & their characteristics

1 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1
H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He
2
Li C N O F
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3
Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl
4
K Ca Fe Cu Zn Br
5
Ag I
6

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 Periodic Table
e- configuration from the periodic periodic table
(To be covered in future chapters)

1 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He
1s1 1s2
2 Li Be B BC N O F Ne
2s1 2s2 2p1 2p 1
2 3
2p 2p 2p4 2p5 2p6
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar
3s1 3s2 3p1 3p2 3p 3p4
3 3p5 3p6
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Be Kr
4s1 4s2 3d1 3d2 3d3 4s13d5 3d5 3d6 3d7 3d8 4s13d10 3d10 4p1 4p2 4p3 4p4 4p5 4p6
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Ni Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
5s1 5s2 4d1 4d2 4d3 5s14d5 4d5 4d6 4d7 4d8 5s14d10 4d 10
5p1 5p2 5p3 5p4 5p5 5p6
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Ni Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
6s1 6s2 5d1 5d2 5d3 6s15d5 5d5 5d6 7
5d 5d8 6s15d10 5d10 6p1 6p2 6p3 6p4 6p5 6p6
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
7s1 7s2 6d1 6d2 6d3 7s16d5 6d5 6d6 6d7

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 Periodic Table: electron behavior
The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons

West (South) Mid-plains East (North)

METALS METALLOID NON-METALS
Alkali Noble gas
Alkaline Halogens
Transition Calcogens
These elements These elements These elements
tend to give up will give up e- or tend to accept
e - and form accept e- e - and form
1
CATIONS ANIONS 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

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 2. Trend in Atomic Radius
Atomic Radius:
The size of at atomic specie as
determine by the boundaries of the
valence e-. Largest atomic species
are those found in the SW corner
since these atoms have the largest n,
but the smallest Zeff.

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 3. Trend in Ionization Potential
Ionization potential:
The energy required to remove the
valence electron from an atomic
specie. Largest toward NE corner of
PT since these atoms hold on to their
valence e- the tightest.

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 4. Trend in Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity:
The energy release
when an electron is
added to an atom.
Most favorable
toward NE corner of
PT since these atoms
have a great affinity
for e-.

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 Summary of Trend
Periodic Table and Periodic Trends
1. Electron Configuration 3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward NE of PT
4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable NE of PT

2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward SW corner of PT

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 Summary

Periodic Table: Map of the Building block of matter

Type: Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal
Groupings: Representative or main, transition and
Lanthanide/Actanides
Family: Elements in the same column have similar
chemical property because of similar valence
electrons
Alkali, Alkaline, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases
Period: Elements in the same row have valence
electrons in the same shell.

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