REPRODUCTION OF

ANIMALS

GRADE 12 BIOLOGY 2
WHAT IS REPRODUCTION?

Reproducti
Reproduction is the
biological process by which on
new individual organism are
Asexu Sexua
produced . al l
Gemmatatio
The diagram shows the n
Unisexual

different types of
reproduction in animals.
Fragmentati Hermaphrodi
on tes
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS

Asexual reproduction occurs in the most simple animals. There are two main
types:

A new organism grows from

Small buds appear on the
a fragment of the progenitor
body of the progenitor or
or parent . It is common in
parent and develops into a
worms and starfish
new individual
GEMMATATIO FRAGMENTATION
N
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS

Requires 2 members of opposite sex , male & female . Each one has
different reproductive system called Gonads . Depending on type of gonads
animals can be:

Each individual has one

Each individual has both
type of gonad: male or
male and female
female
gonads.
UNISEXUAL HERMAPHRODIT
ES
FERTILIZATION

Union of an ovum and spermatozoon .When they unite they form a

zygote .There are 2 types

It’s the union of gametes It’s the fusion of gametes

which occurs outside the which occurs inside the body
females body. It’s typical for of female or
aquatic animals , amphibians hermaphrodite .It’s typical
and some insects for most terrestrial animals
EXTERNAL INTERNAL
and some fish.
 EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

Process that goes from formation of zygote to the birth of a new individual .
Depending on where it takes place , animals are classified as:

DOLPHIN CHICKEN
SHARK

An animal that is The embryo develops

The embryo develops inside an egg which
oviparous produces egg
inside the female body remains inside the
that develops outside
it’s body. female’s body.
VIVIPAROU OVIPAROUS OVOVIPAROU
S S
EXAMPLES OF ANIMAL
REPRODUCTION
 When a clownfish
mother dies , it’s
LIFE CYCLE STAGES OF CLOWN FISH father will change
gender and mate
with kids.

Begins when breeding

The male the guards
starts by the male Once the larvae hatch
and protects the eggs
chasing the female to they then become
until they hatch within
the nest where she immature male
4-5 days and baby
releases her eggs and juveniles.
clown fish are born.
the male fertilizes them.

Then then next fish in

The strongest ones find
the hierarchy matures
a sea anemone and
to an adult male forming
settles , until it
a new couple to
transforms into an adult
reproduce and star the
female.
life cycle again.
 Starfish takes place by
binary fission.
Binary fission is when
REPRODUCTION OF the parents organisms
cell divides exactly into
STARFISH 2 identical cells.

If a starfish’s arm is
removed along with
a part of central
disk a whole new
starfish will form
from the detached
piece.
The starfish that
lost it’s arm can
regenerate a new
arm to replaced the
lost limb.

If you see a starfish

that has one arm
significantly longer
than the rest,this is
a sign that it has
regenerated some
of it’s limbs.
 The male sea horse are
the one who get
pregnant.

REPRODUCTION OF SEAHORSE Even though the male

becomes pregnant the
female still produces
the eggs and male still
produces the sperm.

The female
The male and seahorse uses an
female must egg duct to insert
dance and touch the up 2,000 eggs
tails in order to into the male
fertilize. seahorse’s brood
pouch.

The eggs are The male’s pouch

seals shut after
then fertilized mating and carries
inside the males the fertilized eggs
pouch. as they grow.
 Anacondas
reproduce during
REPRODUCTION OF SNAKE spring time . Over
12 males fight for
one female.

When a female
The two snakes
snake is ready to A sexually wrap their tails
mate, she begins mature male together at that
emitting
pheromones
snake will cloaca( a cloaca
follow this odor is the snake
/scent as she
trail to the pelvic cavity with
travels . This
female. urinary and
leaves an odor
genital ducts.
trail.

Sperm is The male

injected into inserts his
hemipenes
the female from his cloaca
through the into the cloaca
hemipenes. of the female.