Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter p22

What are physical properties of matter?

• A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without

changing the identity of the substance is called a physical
property.
• All of the senses can be used to observe physical properties:
Color, shape, size, etc…

Active Reading #5
No: You can see an object's
color or measure an object’s
volume without changing the
object’s identity.
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter p23

What are physical properties of matter?

• Mass, volume and Density are physical properties.

• Changing the mass or volume of a substance does not

change the substance’s identity.
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter p23

What are physical properties of matter?

• The state of matter is a physical property. The state of
matter is the physical form of the matter.

• Most matter exists as a solid, liquid, or gas.

Visualize It #6
Gold: liquid/solid,
yellow in color, ability
to be shaped.
Table: round, large,
solid
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter P24-25

What are physical properties of matter?

• Electrical conductivity is a measure of
how well electric currents move through a
substance.

• Thermal conductivity is the rate at

which a substance transfers heat.

• Density is the measure of the amount of

mas in a given amount of volume

#8 Explain
The vinegar is more dense than the oil
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter P24-25

What are physical properties of matter?

• Solubility is the ability of a substance to
dissolve in another substance.
#9 Predict
Solubility is a physical property, the solid particles
of the drink would be left behind. Their identity
does not change

• Malleability is the ability of a substance to

be rolled or pounded into various shapes.
#10 Identify

• Magnetic attraction is also a physical

property that can be observed when metal
attracts another metal
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter P24-25

What are physical properties of matter?

• The melting point of a substance
is the temperature at which it
changes from a solid to a liquid.

• The shine, or luster, of a metal

can be easily observed. How it
reflects light

• The boiling point of a substance

is the point at which the substance
boils.
#11 Infer
Both the geyser’s eruption and the tea kettle’s
whistle are caused by water vapor. As water boils,
vapor escapes though a hole
 Electrical
State of conductivity
matter
Density
(solid, gas,
liquid)

Thermal
Volume
conductivity

Physical
Mass Solubility
Properties

Magnetic
Malleability
attraction

Boiling
Luster
point
Melting
Point
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter P26

Identity Theft
What are chemical properties of matter?
• A chemical property describes the ability of a
substance to change into a new substance with
different properties.
• The ability to rust or tarnish is a chemical
property. When a metal rusts or tarnishes, it
changes to a different substance.
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter P27

What are chemical properties of matter?

• Chemical properties can be
identified by the changes they
produce.

• Flammability is the ability of a

substance to burn.

• Reactivity is the ability of a

substance to interact with another
substance and form one or more
new substances.
 Ability to
rust

Chemical Ability to
Reactivity
Properties tarnish

Flammability
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter p28

Property Boundaries
What is the difference between
physical and chemical properties?
• Physical properties can be observed without changing the
identity of a substance.
• Chemical properties can be observed only by changing the
identity of a substance.

Active Reading #14

Physical Property can be seen without changing the identify
of the matter.
Chemical Property has the ability to change the substance.
Visualize it #15

The left nail shows the physical property of malleability

The right nail shows the chemical property of reactivity
Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter P28
What is the difference between Chemical &
Physical properties?

Malleable
Physical

Reacts with oxygen

Chemical

Magnetic
Physical

Luster
Physical

Nonflammable
Chemical
 p30

Unit 1 Lesson 2 Properties of Matter

Property Boundaries
What is the difference between
physical and chemical properties?

• Properties unique to a substance are its characteristic properties.

• Characteristic properties stay the same regardless of the amount
of the sample. (Density)
• Characteristic properties can be physical properties or chemical
properties.
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

3.1 Properties of matter

Intensive property

• properties that do not depend on the amount of the substance, e.g. color,
melting point and density.

Extensive property

• These properties change when the amount of the substance changes, e.g.
length, volume, and mass.
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

3.2 Changes in matter

Physical change
• occurs when a substance changes its appearance without changing its composition.
• e.g. transformation of ice to water at 0 oC and from water to steam at 100 oC.
• Phase change, the process of changing from physical state to another. One type
of physical change

Chemical change
• it occurs when a substance is transformed into another substance with a totally
different composition and properties. Also know as the chemical reaction.
• e.g. rusting of iron. Iron combines with oxygen to form rust, iron (III) oxide.
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

3.2 Changes in matter

SELF-CHECK

What kind of change does each process below undergo?

(a) formation of clouds

(b) corrosion of iron
(c) tanning of leather
(d) melting of sugar
(e) burning of plastic
(f) making ice candy
(g) ripening of papaya
(f) making hard-boiled egg
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

3.3 Classification of matter

• One way to classify the materials is based on the distribution
of their properties and composition throughout the material.

• Homogeneous – if the composition and properties are uniform throughout the

material.

• Heterogeneous – if the composition and properties are not uniform throughout

the material.

• e.g.
(a) coconut juice
(b) “latik”

 (a) a pure substance

 (b) a mixture
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

3.3 Classification of matter

Bose-
Einstein
Condensate

http://www.studynotestoday.com/2014/06/classification-of-matter.html
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

3.3 Classification of matter

Table 3.2 Organic and Inorganic Compounds with their Constituent Elements
Organic Compounds Inorganic Compounds
Glucose (C, H, O) Water (H, O)
Ethanol (C, H, O) Table salt (Na, Cl)
Cysteine (C, H, O, N, S) Baking soda (Na, H, C, O)
DNA (C, H, O, P, N) Caustic soda (Na, O, H)
Urea (C, O, N, H) Potash (K, C, O)
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

3.3 Classification of matter

• Some compounds may be further classified as acid and base.
Table 3.3 Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids Bases
Cause litmus paper to turn red Cause litmus paper to turn blue
Taste sour Taste bitter
Cysteine (C, H, O, N, S) Baking soda (Na, H, C, O)
Dissolve metals producing various Feel slippery on the skin
salts and hydrogen gas
React with acids to form salts and
water
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

3.3 Classification of matter

SELF-CHECK

Classify the following?

(a) vinegar
(b) halo - halo
(c) salt water
(d) sand in water
(e) sugar
(f) copper wire
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

Module 4 Mixtures and Component Substances

In this module, you will:

(a) explain some methods of separating mixtures into their

component substances;

(b) give some examples of each method of separating

mixtures; and

(c) describe the preparation of some mixtures.

 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry
Module 5 Elements, Mixtures and Compounds

Elements
1. consists of only one type of atom – which may, or may not join
together to form molecules or large structures, therefore:
2. can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen)
3. cannot be broken down into simpler type of matter by either
physical or chemical techniques – though some larger elements
break-down spontaneously due to being radioactive.

*many elements are found in nature so may be called “naturally

occurring elements”. Other elements have not been found in nature
but can be produced in the laboratory. A few more elements are
thought to exist but are very rare and even if produced would only
exist for a very short time because they are radioactive and would
quickly decompose into other elements whose atoms are smaller.
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry
Module 5 Elements, Mixtures and Compounds
Compounds
1. consists of atoms of two or more different elements bound
together chemically,
2. can be broken down into simpler type of matter (elements) by
chemical means; but not by physical means
3. always contains the same ratio of component atoms.
4. have properties different from their component elements (e.g.
the compound water (H2O) is a liquid at room temperature and
pressure and has different chemial properties from those of the
two elements, Hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2), from which it is
formed.

A compound is a pure substance that consists of two or more

elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion, that can be
further subdivided into simpler substances by chemical (not
physical) means only.

A molecule is the smallest part of a compound whose properties

are those of the compound.
A compound can be represented by using a chemical formula.
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry
Module 5 Elements, Mixtures and Compounds
Mixtures
1. consists of two or more different elements and/or
compounds – physically intermingled.
2. can be separated into their constituent parts by physical
means (e.g., distillation of liquids or separating magnetic and
non-magnetic solids using magnets), and
3. have many of the properties of their constituent parts (e.g.
the element “oxygen” is part of the mixture “air” and some of
the properties of air are due to the oxygen, albeit somewhat
reduced compared with pure oxygen due to the presence of
other constituents in air.

• Homogeneous Mixtures – in which the two or more

substances that form the mixture are evenly distributed
throughout the mixture (e.g., vinegar)

• Heterogeneous Mixtures – in which the two or more

substances that form the mixture are not evenly distributed
throughout the mixture (e.g., oil and water)
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry
Module 5 Elements, Mixtures and Compounds

• Solutions – a special type of homogeneous mixtures in

which one substance (called the “solute”) is dissolved in
another substance (called the “solvent”) , e.g. salt water is
salt dissolve in water – in such a way that the salt no longer
exists as solid particles within the water.
• Suspensions – heterogeneous fluid mixtures containing
solid particles large enough for sedimentation, which
means that the particles (compare with the “solute” part of
a solution) will eventually settle to the bottom of the
container, e.g. particles of sand in water.
• Colloids – heterogeneous mixtures in which one is
substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout
another substance (for comparison, the size of the particles
of “solute” are greater than in the case of a solution, but
much smaller than in the case of a suspension). E.g. milk
• Alloys – mixtures in which the main element (or elements)
are metal(s). A more technical definition of an alloy is “a
partial or complete solid solution of one or more elements
in a metallic matrix”. E.g. bronze, brass, and steels.
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

4.1 Separating Mixtures into Component Substances

• The separation of a mixture into its component substances makes use of

differences in the physical properties of those substances.
• Decantation – is a process for the
separation of mixtures, by removing a
layer of liquid, generally one from which a
precipitate has settled. The purpose may
be either to produce a clean decant, or to
remove undesired liquid from the
precipitate (or other layers).
• Filtration – is the process of
separating small solid particles from
a liquid by passing the mixtures https://biologyproductsr.weebly.com/physical-
process.html
through a porous medium.
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

4.1 Separating Mixtures into Component Substances

• Distillation – involves boiling the mixture to vaporize a liquid and then

cooling the vapor to condense it, thereby separating that liquid from the rest
of the mixture.

http://jupiter.plymouth.edu/~wwf/distillation.htm
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

4.1 Separating Mixtures into Component Substances

• Fractional distillation – separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing
in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation,
typically using a fractionating column.

http://www.mammothmemory.net/chemistry/fractional-distillation/the-fractional-distillation-of-
crude-oil.html
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

4.1 Separating Mixtures into Component Substances

• Steam distillation – is a special type of distillation (a separation process) for
temperature sensitive materials like natural aromatic compounds. It once
was a popular laboratory method for purification of organic compounds,
but has become obsolete by vacuum distillation

http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/steam_distillation.html
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry

4.1 Separating Mixtures into Component Substances

• Liquid-liquid extraction – also known as solvent extraction and

partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes,
based on their relative solubility in two different immiscible liquids,
usually water and an organic solvent.

http://science.taskermilward.org.uk/
mod1/KS4Chemistry/AQA/Module2/
10_2_11.htm
 SCIEDG 203 – Conceptual Chemistry
4.1 Separating Mixtures into Component Substances

• Amalgamation – the action, process, or result of combining or uniting.

e.g. extracting gold from its ore using mercury

• Cyanidation another method for extracting gold.

SELF-CHECK

1. Cite one mixture which may be separated into its components

by each of these separation methods:
(a) decantation (b) filtration
(c) distillation (d) solvent extraction

2. Saline solution is a mixture of sodium chloride and water. devise

an experimental procedure to separate the compounds in a saline
solution.