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AGRICULTURAL ARTS
NURSERY
Nursery is the establishment of orchard or a garden before
the seedlings are transplanted.
 TYPES OF NURSERY
1. Farmer’s Nursery 4. Nursery under the B.P.I
2. School Nursery 5. Municipal and Provincial
3. Commercial Nursery Nursery
 1. FARMER’S NURSERY
A type of nursery wherein propagated plants are intended
only for the farmer.
 2. SCHOOL NURSERY
This nursery occupied only a small area in the school
garden and it is manage by the school garden teacher.
 3. COMMERCIAL NURSERY
The main objective of this nursery is to realize profit by selling
propagated plants.
 4. MUNICIPAL – PROVINCIAL NURSERY
This nursery endeavor to supply the people of different muni-
cipalities and provinces with different kinds of plants grown
in the nurseries. It’s maintenance is being supported by
the municipal and provincial government.
 5. NURSERY UNDER THE B.P.I.
This nursery is run by the trained personnel of the Bureau of
Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture. It propagate plants
to be distributed for the establishment and improvement of
farm orchards in the provinces. Sold only at a minimal cost.
 FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE ESTABLISHING A NURSERY
1. Location and Soil Type : The location should be near to a source of
water. The soil should be a friable loam, rich in organic matter with
good drainage.
2. Propagation shed, it’s
size, and position: The
shed should receive or
admit half light . A por-
tion of the shed where
germinating boxes will
be placed must be rain-
proof. The shed will
serve to protect the
seed and plant beds
from drying out too ra
pidly, to keep the young
seedlings from being
scorch by the burning
midday sun and drying
winds, and to break the
force of the heavy rains
which may wash away
small seeds.
3. The room for equipment and tools: This is designed for safekee-
ping of garden tools and equipment like rake, pails, shovel, etc.
4. The germinating boxes, pots and plots: The plant shed should be laid
off into beds and plots of a convenient width so that the workers can
give the plants the needed care in planting, watering, weeding, etc.
The propagating boxes, pots, and seedbed should be arranged to
provide enough sunlight to seedlings.
 CARING OF THE NURSEY
In caring the nursery, the following points must be taken into
consideration:
1. Grading the young trees in the nursery in order to make them of
the same size as well as in age and in appearance.
 2. Pruning the small seedlings while still in the nursey before trans-
planting to the field. This is essential for obtaining proper size of trees.

Pruning is an agricultural practice involving the selective removal of

parts of a plant, such as branches, buds, or roots.
3. Inspect the seedlings daily so that any sign of pests and diseases
they can be treated at once.
4. If the seedlings show some yellowing, fertilize them with nitrogen
fertilizer. It is preferable to dissolve the fertilizer in water, and
the solution should be watered to the seedlings.
 GET ¼ SHEET OF PAPER FOR A SHORT QUIZ.
Anyone caught cheating will be deducted 10 points from
his/her total score.

TEST – I: ENUMERATION: (10 pts.)

Enumerate the following:
1-5 The five types of nursery
6-9 Give the four factors to consider before
establishing a nursery
10 One example of a citrus plant

TEST-II: IDENTIFICATION: (25 pts.)

Identify the following plants. ( Next Slide )
1 3

2 4
5 7

6 8
9 11

10 12
13 15

14 16
17 19

18 20
21 22 23

24

25
Let us Answer it!
 1. Jute Plant 3. Lady’s Finger

2. Bitter Gourd 4. Sugar Fruit

5. Winged Bean 7. Sweet Potato

6. Wild Mangoosteen 8. Bamboo Shoot

 9. Sesban 11. San Francisco

10. Manila Tamarind 12. Horse Raddish

13. Bread Fruit 15. Black Plum

14. Cassava 16. Mung Bean

17. Bottle Gourd 19. Turnip

18. Citrus 20. Star Fruit

21. Sponge Gourd 22. Strawberry 23. Jackfruit

24. Durian 25. Broccoli

Selection of
seeds
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD SEEDS

• VIABILITY – Seeds that can

germinate and produce strong healthy
plants are considered viable seeds.

• Fully matured – a mature seed

comes from a ripe and mature fruit
which have grown from a healthy plant
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
SEEDS
 FRESH- it’s germinating power must be
preserved

 TRUE TO TYPE- Seeds should be of the

same variety and should have uniform shapes
and sizes
 FREE FROM SEED-BORNE DISEASES –
Seeds should come from disease-free plants
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
SEEDS

• DAMAGE FREE- Seeds should be whole

and free from damage either by insects or
mechanical elements

• FREE FROM WEED MIXTURE- Seeds

should be free from weeds and other
foreign or inert matter
TESTING SEEDS VIABILITY

Not all seeds have the ability to

germinates due to the following:

• High moisture
• The seeds were kept too long
• Too immature when harvested
 METHODS OF TESTING SEED
VIABILITY
1. DISH OR DINNER PLATE
2. RAG-DOLL METHOD
3. SEED BOX METHOD
4. FLOATING IN WATER
METHOD
 Methods in testing seed viability

1.Dish method or dinner plate

This should be done by putting
moistened tissue paper in a dish, then place
a known number of seeds. Cover with
another sheet of moist tissue paper. Allow
the seeds to germinate for several days.
Count the number of seeds germinated.
Dish method or Dinner Plate
RAG-DOLL METHOD
 RAG-DOLL METHOD
1. Prepare a clean rag measuring 8 X 12 inches
and a stick 8 – 10 inches long.
2. Prepare at least 100 seeds for testing. Do not
select.
3. Lay the rag on any flat surface and distribute
the seeds evenly in rows on the rag.
4. Roll the rag around the stick for support.
Moisten the cloth and place it in a warm –moist
place.
5. Unroll the rag 5 days after. Determine the
germination rate
SEED BOX METHOD
 SEED BOX METHOD
• Fill the planting box with soil to a depth of
5 cm
• Place the seeds in rows.
• Water the planting the box after planting
and occasionally after. Do not allow the
soil in the box to become dry.
• If you are using a box deeper than 5 cm,
water the soil before you plant the seeds
and after you plant them
 FLOATING IN WATER
METHOD

Soak seeds for 24 hours Transfer the seeds in sacks

Incubate the seeds in a warm and shady place for 36 – 48 hours

 COMPUTING THE PERCENTAGE OF
GERMINATION
FORMULA:
no. of seeds germinated
 Percentage ( %) of Germination- = ------------------ x 100
no. of seeds sown
Example:
100 seeds
80 seeds (germinated)
Answer:
80
% OF GERMINATION ----------- x 100
100
= 80 %
 WAYS OF PLANTING SEEDS
1. DIRECT SEEDING – this method involves
planting seeds in an area where they will grow until
they are ready for harvesting
e. g.
• legumes like mongo, beans, cowpeas
• vegetable fruit crops like okra, squash, upo, patola
• root crops radish and carrots.

2. INDIRECT SEEDING- in this method, the seeds

are planted in seedbeds or seed boxes to produce
seedlings, which are then transplanted in the field soon
as they have three or more leaves.
The rate, distance, and depth of planting depend
on the variety of the plant and the fertility of the
soil.

• If the soil is infertile, the seeds can be sown

close to one another.

• If the soil is fertile, the seeds should be

space farther apart from one another
 TRANSPLANTING

• refers to transferring of seedlings from

one site to another. It is best done late in
the afternoon or very early in the morning.
Transplanting should be done carefully so
as not to injure the roots of the seedlings
 Distance of Planting of some
vegetable crops.
CROP DISTANCE OF DEPTH OF OF
PLANTING PLANTING SEEDING
(cm)
(Transplanted) Between Between per hill
Hill (cm) Row (cm)
1. cabbage 50 75 3-5 1
2. cauliflower 30 35 3-5 1
3. lettuce 30 30 3-5 1
4. Tomato
single row 30-50 75-100 4-6 1
spacing 40 45 1
double row
spacing

5. pepper 30-50 50-75 4-6 1

6. eggplant 75 120 4-6 1
7. ampalaya 75 100 4-6 1
 Distance of Planting of some
vegetable crops.
CROP DISTANCE OF DEPTH OF OF
PLANTING PLANTING SEEDING
(cm)
Betwee Between per hill
n Hill Row (cm)
(cm)
(Directly seeded)
1. beans 30 50 2-3 3-4
(bush)
2. beans (pole
sitao) 50 100 2-3 3-4

3. okra 75 100 2-3 2-3

4. squash 100 150 2-3 2-3
5. patola (luffa) 100 150-36 2-3 2-3