Internet of Things (IoT) – Smart Buildings

Jeya Shree Palanichamy

Marsid Bicaku
Rawan Zaher
IoT - Introduction
• Internet of Things is a network of sensors, meters, appliances and
other devices that are capable of sending and receiving data.
IoT Smart Buildings
1. Energy: Includes popular applications like wireless energy
consumption monitoring.

2. Equipment: Those that optimize lighting and HVAC (Heating

Ventilation Air Conditioning) use.

3. Environmental quality: Devices might measure particulate matter

or CO2.

4. People or spaces: Devices that can measure occupancy, space

utilization or how many people have passed through a certain
entrance.
Use Cases
Air Quality Monitoring
 Keeping an eye on carbon dioxide or particulate matter levels can help you figure out whether your
ventilation system is bringing in too much or too little outside air.
Space Management
 Incorporate IoT devices into meeting rooms and other common spaces to track occupancy and space
utilization.
 Security
 surveillance cameras, smart locks, IoT-enabled locks and access tracking.
 An invisible barrier that alerts you of breaches lets your security staff respond much more quickly.
Fire and Life Safety
 IoT devices linked to emergency alarm and mass notification system can temporarily disable
lighting controls that would allow people to evacuate safely.
Vibration Sensing
 IoT sensors that monitor vibration can be used to reduce noise during a building expansion or
monitor the health of fans and other machinery.
System Architecture
 Applications
1. HVAC (Heating ,Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
• Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality.
• Important part of residential structures – Individual homes, Apartment
buildings, Hotels ,senior living facilities and Hospitals.
• Medium to large industrial and office buildings.
• vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines, and in marine
environments

2. Fire Detection & Evacuation

• The proper evacuation of people inside a building during an emergency.
• The detection of a fire inside a building, and the detection of those people who
are caught in the building are vital for the evacuation process.
 Sensors HVAC
• Thermostat Sensors – Very first sensor used for Temperature monitoring and
control.
• Pressure Sensors - Pressure sensors are used in compressors, boilers, coolers,
heat recovery systems, burner control, and variable air volume systems.
• Duct Smoke Sensors - Detect toxic gasses, smoke, and even flames. Duct smoke
detectors are used primarily to prevent the HVAC system from spreading smoke
through a building.
• Occupancy sensors - occupancy sensors identify the presence of a person in a
room. Occupancy sensors can help your customers improve their energy
efficiency.
• Indoor Air Quality Sensor – Basically a CO2 sensor.
 Sensors for Fire Detection & Evacuation
• Thermal detectors - Oldest type of automatic fire detection device and are
separated into electric heat detectors and automatic sprinkler heads.

• Smoke detectors - They mimic the human nose by detecting airborne smoke
by usage of ionization sensors or photoelectric sensors

• Video analysis - Fire has unique visual signatures such as its colour, geometry,
and motion of fire region that can be extracted to identify its presence

• The Indoor Positioning System - Utilizes magnetic fields, light, Bluetooth and
Wi-Fi signals to help in identifying the position of occupants in huge buildings
with complex floor plans.
Controllers

Raspberry pi – Capable of Video image

processing
Microcontroller unit for HVAC by Infineon
 HVAC – Genetic Algorithm
• Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a search-based optimization technique based on
the principles of Genetics and Natural Selection.
• Used to find optimal solutions to difficult problems in research and
machine learning.
• Is faster and more efficient as compared to the traditional methods.
• Useful when the search space is very large and there are a large number of
parameters involved.
• Has very good parallel capabilities.
Flow Chart
Building Optimization Control (BOC)– Algorithm

Input Parameters

1.HVAC Sensor Outputs

2.Weather Information
3.Pre Set Optimal Temperature values
 Fire Detection & Evacuation – CEP Algorithm
• Complex Event Processing (CEP)
• CEP relies on a number of techniques:
• Event-pattern detection
• Event abstraction
• Event filtering
• Event aggregation and transformation
• Modelling event hierarchies
• Detecting relationships between events
• Abstracting event-driven processes
CEP Implementation
Parameters for Fire Detection
1. Sensor outputs – Smoke/Duct detectors
2. Real Time Video captured from CCTV cameras

Parameters for Indoor Positioning

1. Wifi
2. RFID
3. iBeacon

Parameters for Evacuation

1. Alarm/Notification
2. User activity tracking
3. Evacuation Route information
 Machine Learning
• Machine learning is a tool for turning information into knowledge.
 Reinforcement Learning
• Reinforcement learning, is used widely in game theory, control theory, operations
research, information theory, simulation-based optimization, multi-agent systems, swarm
intelligence, statistics and genetic algorithms.

• Genetic Algorithms are used in HVAC application in Smart Buildings

HVAC – Deep Reinforcement Learning
Hybrid Deep Learning
• Hybrid Machine Learning Methods for the Interpretation and
Integration of Heterogeneous Multimodal Data
Benefits of a Smart buildings
• Highly efficient buildings where operating costs are significantly lower than comparable
standard buildings.

• Using accurate, intelligent monitoring and control of energy intensive systems such as
HVAC and lighting help reduce costs.

• Smart building technologies give building management professionals the tools they need
to better serve tenants, occupants, and users.

• Accessing building systems via the Internet makes it easier to assess real-time conditions,
detect problems, and monitor building performance off-site.

• Problems are identified early and solved immediately, sometimes prior to the customer
realizing there is a problem.
 Smart Buidings – Cost Effectiveness

• Smarter Buildings are more cost effective by reducing

energy and operating costs.

• Use active and designed-in techniques to achieve

reliability, efficiency and environmental
responsibility.
 Market Trend
• Global Smart Homes & Buildings Market is estimated to reach $146.1 billion
by 2025.

• Growing at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 32.1% from 2017 to

2025.

• Growing energy cost, increasing government rules & initiatives, and

increasing requirement for integrated security & safety solutions are the
factors driving the growth of the smart homes & buildings market.

• The global smart homes & buildings market is segmented on the basis of
product, technology, application, end user, and geography.
 Market Classification
Based on Technology Based on Application Based on Region
Top Market Players
• Cisco Systems, Inc.
• Control4 Corporation
• Leviton MFG. Company Inc.
• Schneider Electric SA
• Siemens Building Technologies
• United Technologies
Corporation
• Honeywell Scanning & Mobility
• Smarthome, Inc.
• Emerson Electric Co.
• LG Electronics Inc
Market Dynamics
Smart Buildings - Revenue

Smart buildings can offer occupants wired

and wireless high-speed Internet along
with other communications services such
as Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) that
will maximize the building's revenue per
square foot.
 Risks and Chances
• High initial investment needed for
well-integrated smart technologies
may hinder the growth of the
Smart Buildings.
• The smart building market can
experience a slip owing to the
dearth of skilled labour.
• The situation can be fast averted
with timely introduction of the 5G
technology which would
encourage the installation of IoT in
these smart buildings and steer out
the smart building market out of
any long-time plummet.
Thank You!