Multilateral

Agreement on Trade
in Goods
KELOMPOK II:
BIONDI FIRMANSYAH / 0606079042
INDRA BUDIARI / 0606079793
PANJI WIJANARKO / 0606080561
KHOIRIYAH HELANITA / 0706163994
NYI MAS GIANTI BINGAH ERBIANA / 0706164025
 The Basic...

• Multinational Agreement on Trade in Goods:

the contract of trade of goods between parties
whose places of business are in different states.
• The Parties could be:
a. The State itself as Seller or Buyer;
b. The person in each of The State;
c. Legal Body in The State
 The Concept..

STATE STATE STATE

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE

IN GOODS
 Cont’d...

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

UNITE
D WTO
NATIO
NS

UNITED NATIONS AGREEMENT OF

CONVENTION ON IMPLEMENTATION
CONVENTION ON
THE LIMITATION OF ART. VII OF THE
CONTRACTS FOR
PERIOD IN THE GATT (1994):
THE
INTERNATIONAL MULTILATERAL
INTERNATIONAL
SALE OF GOODS AGREEMENT ON
SALE OF GOODS
(1974) TRADE IN GOODS
(1980)
 GATT

Founded = 1947
Aim: as one of the effort to solve the world economic
depression on 1930s
expectation: restructuring the world economic and
decreasing trade barriers, both tariff barriers and
non-tariff bariers.
 GATT-WTO

Pembentukan WTO pada 1994 membawa dua

perubahan penting bagi GATT:
1. WTO mengambil alih GATT dan
menjadikannya salah satu lampiran aturan WTO
2. Prinsip-prinsip GATT menjadi kerangka aturan
bagi bidang-bidang baru dalam perjanjian WTO.
 GATT-MATG

Fungsi utama GATT adalah sebagai suatu perangkat

ketentuan (aturan) multilateral yang mengatur
transaksi perdagangan yang dilakukan oleh negara-
negara anggota GATT dengan memberikan suatu
perangkat ketentuan perdagangan.
MATG => salah satu ketentuan perdagangan yang
berlaku untuk perjanjian multilateral.
 Cont’d..

 Based on GATT:
relations in the field of trade and economic endeavor
should be conducted with a view to raising standards of
living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily
growing volume of real income and effective demand,
developing the full use of the resources of the world and
expanding the production and exchange of goods =>
fairness trading and competition => reduction of tariffs and
other barriers to trade and to the elimination of
discriminatory treatment in international commerce.
 Why there Should be International Rules for
MATG??

• the development of international trade on the basis

of equality and mutual benefit is an important
element in promoting friendly relations among
States;
• uniform rules which govern contracts for the
international sale of goods and take into account
the different social, economic and legal systems
would contribute to the removal of legal barriers in
international trade and promote the development
of international trade.
(Vienna Conv. 1980)
 The Principles of Int’l Trading Based on GATT..

Most Favoured Nation (Art. 1) => any advantage,

favour, privilege or immunity granted by any
contracting party to any product originating in or
destined for any other country shall be accorded
immediately and unconditionally to the like
product originating in or destined for the territories
of all other contracting parties => non
discrimination
 Cont’d..

National Treatment (Art. 3) => The products of the

territory of any contracting party imported into the
territory of any other contracting party shall not be
subject, directly or indirectly, to internal taxes or
other internal charges of any kind in excess of those
applied, directly or indirectly, to like domestic
products => import products = domestic products
 Cont’d...

 Prinsip Larangan Restriksi => pembatasan kuota ekspor-

impor dalam bentuk apapun = dilarang.
 Kecuali untuk:
- mencegah terkurasnya produk-produk esensial di
negara pengekspor;
- melindungi pasar dalam negeri khususnya yang
menyangkut produk pertanian dan perikanan;
- mengendalikan impor yang berlebihan untuk
melindungi terancamnya produksi dalam negeri;
- melindungi neraca pembayaran (luar negeri)
 Cont’d...

Prinsip Perlindungan melalui tarif => tindakan

proteksi terhadap industri domestik melalui tarif
(menaikkan tarif bea masuk) => kompetisi yang
sehat dengan produk domestik
 Cont’d..

Prinsip Resiprositas (Par. 3 GATT’s Preambule) =>

Being desirous of contributing to these objectives by
entering into reciprocal and mutually
advantageous arrangements directed to the
substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to
trade and to the elimination of discriminatory
treatment in international commerce.
 Still Cont’d...

Prinsip Perlakuan Khusus bagi Negara Sedang

Berkembang => mendorong negara-negara industri
dalam membantu pertumbuhan ekonomi negara-
negara sedang berkembang => melarang negara-
negara maju untuk membuat rintangan-rintangan
baru terhadap ekspor negara-negara sedang
berkembang.
 The General Exception of Validity...

The International Rules do not apply to sales:

a) of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless
the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the
contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that the
goods were bought for any such use;
(b) by auction;
(c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law;
(d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable
instruments or money;
(e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft;
(f) of electricity;
(g) of labour or other services.
(Art. 2 Vienna Conv.)
 The Basic Format...

The basic format of MATG may contain:

A. Obligations of the seller
B. Obligations of the buyer
C. Remedies for breach of contract
D. Passing of risk
E. Suspension of performance and anticipatory
breach
F. Exemption from liability to pay damages
G. Preservation of the goods
 conclusion

Multilateral Agreement on Trade in Goods (MATG)

adalah sebuah kontrak perdagangan barang antara
beberapa pihak yang berada di beda negara.
Aturan-aturan yang mengatur mengenai MATG ini
diambil dari prinsip-prinsip GATT yang merupakan cikal
bakal dari perjanjian WTO dan aturan-aturannya
Tujuan dari sistem MATG ini adalah agar tercipta sebuah
lingkungan yang maan, stabil, dan dapat diprediksi bagi
industri-industri dan perusahaan bisnis dari Negara-
Negara yang terlibat dalam keadaan adil dan kompetisi
yang seimbang agar adanya investasi yang meningkat,
produksi, lapangan pekerjaan serta guna memfasilitasi
pembangunan ekonomi seluruh negara (pembukaan GATT)