Avogadro’s Law

What • The volume of a gas is

determined not only by the
is pressure and volume but also
Avogadro’s by the quantity of gas. When
Law the quantity is given in moles,
the mathematical relation is
V/n where n represents the
number of moles of the gas.
 • Like the other ideal gas laws,
Avogadro's law only approximates
What the behavior of real gases. Under
conditions of high temperature or
is pressure, the law is inaccurate. The
relation works best for gases held at
Avogadro’s low pressure and ordinary
Law temperatures. Also, smaller gas
particles—helium, hydrogen, and
nitrogen—yield better results than
larger molecules, which are more
likely to interact with each other.
 • In 1811, Amedeo Avogadro of
Italy proposed that equal
What volumes of all gases contain the
is same number of molecules. His
Avogadro’s theory explained why the
volumes of gases in reactions are
Law in ratios of small integers, as in
the combustion of hydrogen:
 • The number of molecules in 1 mole
of a gas is known to be 6.02 × 10 23,
a value called Avogadro's number.
What • As an example of the use of this
important number, calculate the
is mass in grams of a single oxygen
atom:
Avogadro’s • 1 mole O 2 = 2(16.00) = 32.00 grams
Law
 • k = V/n
Formulas
• Avogadro's law also means the
for ideal gas constant is the same
Avogadro’s value for all gases, so:
Law • :
V V1

*k is a proportionality
2 constant, V is the volume of
n n1 2 a gas, and n is the number
of moles of a gas
 • The molar volume is the volume
occupied by one mole of a substance
(chemical element or chemical
compound) at a given temperature
and pressure.
Molar There are two standards, commonly
Volume used in schools:
• STP (standard temperature and
pressure) which is 0° C and 1
atmosphere.
• RTP (room temperature and pressure)
which is 25° C and 1 atmosphere.
 • Avogadro’s Law states that:
• 1 mole of every gas occupies
the same volume, at the same
Molar temperature and pressure.
Volume • At STP (standard temperature
and pressure), this volume is
22.4 liters
At RTP (room temperature and
pressure), this volume is 24
dm3 (liters)
 Molar
Volume

Mole-gram conversion
 Calculate the volume of carbon
dioxide gas, CO2, occupied by (a) 5
moles and (b) 0.5 moles of the gas
occupied at STP.

• Solution:
Sample • a) Volume of CO2
problems = number of moles of CO2 × 22.4 L
= 5 × 22.4
= 112 L

• b) Volume of CO2
= number of moles of CO2 × 22.4 L
= 0.5 × 22.4
= 11.2 L
 A flexible container at an initial volume of
5.120 L contains 8.500 mol of gas. More gas is
then added to the container until it reaches a
final volume of 18.10 L. Assuming the
pressure and temperature of the gas remain
constant, calculate the number of moles of
Sample gas added to the container.
problems • Solution:
5.120 L 18 .10 L

8.500 mol n2
• x = 30.05 mol <--- total moles, not
the moles added
• 30.05 - 8.500 = 21.55 mol
 A cylinder with a movable piston contains 2.00 g of
helium, He, at room temperature. More helium was
added to the cylinder and the volume was adjusted
so that the gas pressure remained the same. How

2.00L 2.70L
many grams of helium were added to the cylinder if
the volume was changed from 2.00 L to 2.70 L? (The


temperature was held constant.)
Sample •
•
Solution:
1) Convert grams of He to moles:
problems • 2.00 g / 4.00 g/mol = 0.500 mol

00..500 mol
500mol n2
• 2) Use Avogadro's Law:
• V 1 / n1 = V 2 / n2
2 . 00 L 2 . 70 L

0 . 500 mol n2
• x = 0.675 mol
• 3) Compute grams of He added:
• 0.675 mol - 0.500 mol = 0.175 mol0.175 mol x 4.00
g/mol = 0.7 grams of He added
 • https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides
/chemistry/chemistry/gases/avogadros-law
• https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/mol
ar-volume.html
Sources • https://www.thoughtco.com/avogadros-l
aw-example-problem-607550
• https://
www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/Gas-Avogadr
o.html