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MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC – KAMAYA POINT

DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
Associated Marine Officers’ and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines - PTGWO – ITF
Kamaya Pt., Brgy. Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan

Course: Power Plant Diesel (Lec)


Academic Year: 2018-2019
Semester: 2nd Semester
Prepared by: 3/E Anacleto D. Reyes Jr.
TLO1. State, define and discuss heat engine cycle
parameters and solve simple efficiency equation
Leaning outcomes
1. Define “heat-engine cycle” as a number of
thermodynamic processes arranged in a
given sequence and repeated over constant
intervals of time
2. State that real practical cycle are based on
“ideal” theoretical cycles
3. State that most ideal cycle involve the
following thermodynamic processes:
Heating or cooling, at constant pressure –
heating or cooling, at constant volume –
adiabatic compression or expansion
4. State that the cycle of thermodynamic
processes(or operations) is called out on a
‘working fluid”
5. State that the ideal working fluid is “perfect”
with its physical properties and structure
remaining constant through out the cycle
6. State that the following fluids used in the
practical engines change during the cycle of
processes
7. State that the function of a heat-engine cycle
is to produce the maximum possible output of
useful work from a given quantity of energy
supplied to the working fluid
8. State that in the majority of practical heat-
engine cycles the energy input is obtained
from the energy released by the combustion
of a fuel with air
9. State that the efficiency of the cycle is
measured by the energy output obtained per
unit of energy supplied to the working fluid
10. State that, in the “ideal” case, the energy
output will be the difference between the
energy supplied during the cycle and the
energy remaining and rejected at the end of
the cycle
11. Deduce from the above objective that ideally
the output energy is the difference between
the energy supplied and the energy rejected,
i.e.
12. Deduce from the above objective that the
cycle efficiency is given by the ratio:
Energy output = W Energy supplied – Energy rejected = Q1-Q2
Energy output Q1 Energy supplied Q1

13. Solve simple numerical problems


LO1: Define “heat-engine cycle” as a number of
thermodynamic processes arranged in a given
sequence and repeated over constant intervals
of time
Engine –is a machine designed to convert one
form of energy into mechanical energy.
Heat-Engine - is a system that converts heat
or thermal energy—and chemical energy—
to mechanical energy, which can then be used to
do mechanical work. The mechanical work often
involves powering a generator which converts the
mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Heat Engine 3 Main Parts
1. Reservoir of heat –Source of heat at high
temperature (T1).
2. Sink –Reservoir at low temperature where heat is
rejected (T2).
3. Working substance –Absorb heat, expands do work,
reject remaining heat to sink.
Work done (W)= Heat received(Q1) – Heat rejected(Q2)
Efficiency = Work done / Heat Received = Q1-Q2/Q1 = 1- Q2/Q1 = 1-T2/T1
Heat Engine Cycles
I. Phase-change cycles –In these cycles and engines,
the working fluids are gases and liquids. The engine
converts the working fluid from a gas to a liquid,
from liquid to gas, or both, generating work from the
fluid expansion or compression.
1. Rankine cycle (classical steam engine)
2. Solid to gas cycle (Dry ice cannon — Dry ice
sublimes to gas.)
3. Solid to gas cycle (Dry ice cannon— Dry ice
sublimes to gas.)
II. Gas-only cycles –In these cycles and engines the
working fluid is always a gas (i.e., there is no phase
change):
1. Carnot cycle (Carnot heat engine)
2. Ericsson cycle (Caloric Ship John Ericsson)
3. Stirling cycle (Stirling engine, thermoacoustic
devices)
4. Internal combustion engine (ICE):
a. Otto cycle (e.g. Gasoline/Petrol engine)

b. Diesel cycle (e.g. Diesel engine)

c. Atkinson cycle (Atkinson engine)


a. Brayton cycle or Joule cycle originally Ericsson
cycle (gas turbine)
b. Lenoir cycle (e.g., pulse jet engine)
c. Miller cycle (Miller engine)

III. Liquid only cycle –In these cycles and engines the
working fluid are always like liquid:
1. Stirling cycle (Malone engine)
2. Heat Regenerative Cyclone
Types of heat engine
There are several types of heat engine and
it is important to note that although some cycles
have a typical combustion location (internal or
external), they often can be implemented with
the other.
I. Internal combustion engine (ICE)

II. External combustion engine (ECE)


Internal Combustion Engine
A heat engine where the combustion of a
fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a
combustion chamber.
Types of ICE

1. Gasoline/Petrol engine 5. Gas turbine

2. Diesel engine 6. Pulse jet engine

3. Wankel engine 7. Miller engine

4. Atkinson engine
External Combustion Engine
A heat engine where a working fluid,
contained internally, is heated by combustion in
an external source. The fluid then, by expanding
and acting on the mechanism of the engine,
produces motion and usable work.
Types of ECE
1. Steam engines
2. Stirling engines

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