ACTIVITY 1

Directions:
1. Get one 1/4 sheet of paper.
2. Write your name inside the circle.
3. Draw figure 1 on the sheet of paper.
4. Write the following information of yourself in the 4
spaces:
a. gender
b. socio-economic class
c. ethnicity
d. religion
Female

INC Ilocano

Middle class
ACTIVITY 2
Directions: The teacher will group the students into 4. Each
group will choose a leader and a secretary to consolidate their
answers on a table similar to what is shown below.
ACTIVITY 3
Directions: Based on the output from the
previous activity, the teacher will ask the
students to discuss their observations based
on the following questions:
1. What are the similarities and differences of
every individual?
2. Do these similarities and differences affect
the life of the whole community? Why?
 Starting Points on the
Understanding of Culture,
Society, and Politics
Society in its broader sense involves
people behaviors
Social - actions & reactions

referred to as
cultures, practices "social sciences"
Cultural - & traditions
also known in academia

government systems,
"disciplines"
Political - political activity &
political behavior

they change a person's perspectives.

Society in its broader sense involves
people behaviors
Social - actions & reactions

referred to as
cultures, practices "social sciences"
Cultural - & traditions
also known in academia

government systems,
"disciplines"
Political - political activity &
political behavior

they change a person's perspectives.

Manifestations of Human
Variations through
Cultural Diversity, Social
Differences, and
Political Identities
Culture – “that complex
whole which encompasses
beliefs, practices, values,
attitudes, laws, norms,
artifacts, symbols,
knowledge that a person
learns and shares as a
member of society .” (EB Taylor 1920 [1871]
Culture – shared
knowledge, beliefs, and
values of those in a
society; ideas that are
passed on from
generation to generation
 CULTURE
LATIN WORD COLORE
WHICH MEANS CULTIVATE;
THE WORD CULTURE IS
DERIVED FROM THE LATIN
WORD CULTURE WHICH
MEANS CARE OR CULTUS
MEANING CIVILIZATION.”
PALIPIS, 2007)
Culture has the
capacity to bond but
also a source of
differences
CULTURAL DIVERSITY – a
state wherein several
individuals with varied
backgrounds and culture
are present in an
institution
SOCIAL DIFFERENCES are
based on unique social
characteristics or
qualities like social class,
gender, age, educational
attainment, occupation
and the like.
Social differences is
usually equated to
social stratification
Social Stratification
describes the relative
social position of
persons in a given
social group, category,
geographical region, or
other social units.
Major Types of Social Stratification

1. CASTE- hereditary
endogamous social group in
which a person’s rank and
his/her rights and obligations
are ascribed or on the basis
of his/ her birth into a
particular group.
The system which
divides hindus into rigid hierarchical
groups based on their karma (work)
and dharma (the hindi word for
religion, but here it means duty) is
generally accepted to be more than
3,000 years old.
Major Types of Social Stratification
2. CLASS- A PERSON’S POSITION
IS BASED UPON ACHIEVEMENT.
Major Types of Social Stratification
3. ESTATE – Gives
emphasis to birth as well
as wealth and possessions.
Major Types of Social Stratification
4. SLAVERY- Had
economic basis wherein
the master shows power
over a slave.
GOVERNMENT is the
system by which a state
or community is
controlled so as to put
order.
 Significance of Studying
Culture, Society, and Politics
 Anthropology
•Holistic “science of
man”
•A science of the totality
of human existence.
 Kinds of Anthropology
1.1. Physical (Biological)
a.Human Paleontology –mainly
concerned about how humans
emerged and evolved through
time.
b.Human Variation – focuses on
how human beings differ
biologically
2. Cultural Anthropology
a. Archeology- studies past cultures
through tangible or material
remains.
b. Linguistics- study of languages
where experts explain the difference
of languages by culture and how it is
constructed.
c. Ethnology- which is the study of
recent or present cultures.
 Sociology
•Is the study of
relationship among
people.
•It is the study of the
society and the behavior
of people in the society
 Sociology
•A study that deals with
analyzing social
problems and explain
trends and various
phenomena present in
society
 Two Major Approaches to
Examine Human Society
1.Macrosociology- examines the
social structure, the social
institutions, social
organizations and social groups.
2.Microsociology- places
emphasis on the role of the
individuals in the society.
 Two Major Approaches to
Examine Human Society
1.Macrosociology- examines the
social structure, the social
institutions, social
organizations and social groups.
2.Microsociology- places
emphasis on the role of the
individuals in the society.
 Comparing Major Theoretical Approaches in Sociology
Macrosociology Microsociology

Functionalist Conflict Interactionist

(Spencer and Durkheim) (Marx) (Cooley, Thomas, Mead)

View of Stable, well- Characterized by Active in influencing

Society integrated tension and struggle and affecting every
between group social interaction
Level of Macro sociological Macro sociological Micro social analysis
Analysis analysis of large- analysis of large-scale
Emphasized scale
View of the People are socialized People are shaped by People manipulate
Individual to perform societal power, coercion and symbols and create
functions authority their social worlds
through interaction
View of the Maintained through Maintained through Maintained by shared
Social Order cooperation and force and coercion Understanding of
consensus every behavior

View of Predictable, Change takes place all Reflected in people’s

Social Change reinforcing the time position and may have
positive
 Comparing Major Theoretical Approaches in Sociology
Macrosociology Microsociology

Functionalist Conflict Interactionist

(Spencer and Durkheim) (Marx) (Cooley, Thomas, Mead)

View of Stable, well- Characterized by Active in influencing

Society integrated tension and struggle and affecting every
between group social interaction
Level of Macro sociological Macro sociological Micro social analysis
Analysis analysis of large- analysis of large-scale
Emphasized scale
View of the People are socialized People are shaped by People manipulate
Individual to perform societal power, coercion and symbols and create
functions authority their social worlds
through interaction
View of the Maintained through Maintained through Maintained by shared
Social Order cooperation and force and coercion Understanding of
consensus every behavior

View of Predictable, Change takes place all Reflected in people’s

Social Change reinforcing the time position and may have
positive
 Comparing Major Theoretical Approaches in Sociology
Macrosociology Microsociology

Functionalist Conflict Interactionist

(Spencer and Durkheim) (Marx) (Cooley, Thomas, Mead)

View of Stable, well- Characterized by Active in influencing

Society integrated tension and struggle and affecting every
between group social interaction
Level of Macro sociological Macro sociological Micro social analysis
Analysis analysis of large- analysis of large-scale
Emphasized scale
View of the People are socialized People are shaped by People manipulate
Individual to perform societal power, coercion and symbols and create
functions authority their social worlds
through interaction
View of the Maintained through Maintained through Maintained by shared
Social Order cooperation and force and coercion Understanding of
consensus every behavior

View of Predictable, Change takes place all Reflected in people’s

Social Change reinforcing the time position and may have
positive
 Political Science
-deals with systems of
government and the
analysis of political
activity and behavior .
 Political Science
- deals extensively with
the theory and practice of
politics
 Political Science
- A discipline that
concerns itself with the
study of politics, the
state, and the
government.
Subfields of Description
Political
Science
Comparative Studies the politics
Politics within other
nations. It tries to
compare theories on
a specific nation to
other nations
Subfields of Description
Political
Science
International Studies politics
Relation among nations –
conflict,
diplomatic affairs,
and international
law
Subfields of Description
Political
Science
Political Studies classical
Theory and modern
politics. It aims to
discover what
theory suits the
characteristic of
good politics.
Subfields of Description
Political
Science
Public Studies
Administration bureaucracies on
how it is functional
and how to
improve it by
certain theories.
Subfields of Description
Political
Science
Constitutional Studies how laws
Law are made and
being applied on a
certain nation or
state. Its major
aim is to study
legal systems.
Subfields of Description
Political
Science
Public Studies the interface of
Policy politics and economics.
It aims to create a plan
to develop programs
that would be sufficient
and adequate to
societies.
 Rationale for Studying
Anthropology, Sociology,
Society, and Political Science
Disciplinary:

•Epistemologies,
assumptions, knowledge,
skills, methods within the
boundary of a discipline,
e.g. Physics, History,
Psychology
Multidisciplinary:
•Using the knowledge /
understanding of more
than one discipline
e.g. Physics and
History; Biology and
Architecture
 Interdisciplinary:
•Using the epistemologies
/ methods of one
discipline within another
e.g. Biochemistry,
Ecophilosophy,
Astrophysics
Transdisciplinary:
•Focus on an issue such as
pollution, poverty or
hunger both within and
beyond discipline
boundaries with the
possibility of new
perspectives; holistic
It is imperative to use an
approach or perspective that
embraces the interplay of many
disciplines to examine the source
and consequences of change, thus
the use of transdisciplinary
approach
Activity 2. Create a table like
the one below.
Social Focus of Issue of
Sciences Inquiry
Anthropology Cultural Diversity:

Sociology Social Difference:

Political Political Identities:

Science