WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (WLAN)

• Wireless computer network

 TERMINOLOGIES IN WLAN

• Station (STA)

• Basic Service Set (BSS)

• Access Point (AP)

 TERMS 802.11, WLAN AND WI-FI

• WLAN (Network no matter what technology is used)

• Wi-Fi (Type of WLAN)

• 802.11 (Technology)
 802.11 WIRELESS STANDARDS

• Criticality of standards.

• Wireless Networking(802.11)
 Managed by IEE LAN/MAN
Standards Committee.
 Many updates over time
 802.11A

• Bandwidth (5GHz)
• Speed (54 megabits per second)
• Smaller Coverage
• More Channels
 802.11B
• Bandwidth (2.4 GHz)

• Speed (11 Megabits per second)

• Better Range
 less absorption problems.
 802.11G
• Bandwidth (2.4 GHz)
 Higher data rates.

• Higher Speed
(54 Megabits per second)

Backward compatibility
 802.11N

• Operates at 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz

• 600 Megabits per second speed

• Uses MIMO
 (Multiple-input multiple-output)
  WI-FI IN HOMES (TO AVOID CABLES )
• A facility allowing computers, smartphones, or other devices communicate
with one another wirelessly.
• Access points , router and modem in single device.
 WHAT IS WI-FI HOTSPOTS?
 Wireless access point that provide
internet access to mobile devices.
 HOTSPOT STRUCTURE
 Access Point
 Many access points might be
connected
 Service Providers
LARGEST HOTSPOT OPERATORS:

 T-Mobile

 Wayport

 SBC

 KT Corp

 The Cloud
ADVANTAGES OF WI-FI HOTSPOT:
 Ease of installation

 Good flexibility

 Reliablility
ADVANTAGES OF WI-FI HOTSPOT:
 Security

 Mobility (for mobile professionals)

 HOME NETWORKS

• People set up a home network is to share a broadband Internet connection with

multiple computers, television , and cellphones.

• Media streaming

• Data sharing
  COMPONENTS OF HOME
ENTERTAINMENT NETWORK

• Install a network • Allocate media storage  • Connect the TV 

router 
 WI-FI NETWORKS FOR VOICE OVER IP(VOIP)

• Voice over wireless LAN (VoWLAN, also VoWi-Fi) is the use of a

wireless broadband network according to the IEEE 802.11 standards for the
purpose of vocal conversation.
 ADVANTAGES

• Can make calls without the need for a mobile signal .

• VoWiFi enables free calls from overseas locations.
• VoIP over wireless smart phones can save companies money
 QUALITY AND CAPACITY ON WIFI HOME

• IEEE specified the WIFI multimedia (WMM 802.11e Standard in 2004).

• Priortizing packets base on type of service , such as voice or video.
• 802.11e wifi multimedia standard is intented to prioritize video traffic in home
entertainment network.
 SEAMLESS ROAMIMG BETWEEN
CELLULAR AND WIFI NETWORK.
• Cellular networks always have greater coverage than WiFi, it is assumed that
a cellular network is always available when users steps out of theWiFi coverage area.
• As more and more handsets are both cellular and WiFi enabled, it is then made
possible to have voice roaming between two different networks.
 One handset for calls over wifi and cellular network.
 Same data device in wifi and cellular network .
Broadband Wireless Access

 Provides similar capabilities as DSL , cable

modems and other broadband technologies using
wireless media rather then cabling.
Broadband, Wifi, Dial-up

 Think about how you access the

Internet today. There are basically
three different options :

• Broadband access 
• WiFi access 
• Dial-up access 
 WiMax Technology

 Also known as IEEE 802.16

 The high speed of broadband service
 Wireless rather than wired access
 Broad coverage
WiMax Wireless Network

 WiMax system consists

of two parts :
Two Types of WiMax Services

Line Of Site Non Line Of Site

Two main amendments to IEEE
802.16

 802.16d :
 Designed for fixed wireless service

 802.16e :
 A proposed amendment for Mobility
Security build into the Standard

 Security provisions are included in the standard so

that organizations that implement it don’t have to
wait for upgraded security standards
Hurdles to wider deployment

 Different spectrum and power level requirements worldwide :

 Regulatory working group

 Complex Standard :
 No equipment meeting the standard
 Complexity
Adapting 3G for Wireless Broadband Access
 WCDMA

 Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

 Communications standard used in 3G mobile networks.
 High-speed data transmission
 Support broadband Internet services
 Capacity to easily handle bandwidth intensive applications.
Time Division Duplex (TDD)

 The TDD technique is used in IEEE

802.16 WiMAX.
 In this duplex method, uplink and
downlink transmissions are carried over
the same frequency band. Thus, time
slots in a physical channel are divided
into transmission and reception.
Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System (UMTS)

 3G broadband transmission of text, digitized voice, video, and

multimedia.
 Data rates up to 2 megabits per second (Mbps).
 Based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication
standard.
TDD for Broadband Wireless Access

 BWA deploys TDD for fixed wireless access

 TDD achieves high data rate by using the same frequency band for
sending and receiving
 Efficient
 Portability
 Voice over IP
SOMA Network

 Provides a packetized wireless local loop service

that replaced broadband cable and DSL service.
 Designed for circuit switched voice , fax and as
well as high speed data.
  PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)

•  A personal area networks (PAN) are

those networks that operate over
small areas within rooms and
buildings.

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  PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)

• Bluetooth • Radio Frequency • Ultra-

Identification wideband

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  BLUETOOTH

• A standard for the short-range

wireless interconnection of
mobile phones, computers, and
other electronic devices.
• Piconets and Master/slave.

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  CONNECTION PROCESS

• Inquiry • Paging • Connectio

n

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  RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

• Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a non-line-of sight wireless technology used

control, detect, and track objects.

RFID is made up of following:

• Scanning antenna.
• Interrogators, which are readers
• Transponders

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 APPLICATIONS

 Retailing:

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 Agriculture and  Healthcare
Transportation: :

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 Security:

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 COMPANIES EFFECTIVELY USING RFID

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 • RFID STANDARDS • RFID STANDARDS

• Spectrum band
used by RFID
system
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 DRAWBACKS

• Technical Issues
• Privacy—Fears of being tracked
• Scanning Issues

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  Ultra-Wideband

 A wireless technology for transmitting large amounts of

digital data over a wide spectrum of frequency bands
with very low power for a short distance.

 In the U.S., the Federal

Communications
Commission approved the
commercial use of ultra
wideband on February 14,
2002.
  UWB Applications
 Taoglas  Minehound scanner
(UWB Device)

 The heart imaging using

UWB
  UWB Applications
 Ground Penetrating RADAR  Through – Wall Imaging
System
  Wireless Sensor Networks ?
 WSN is a wireless network consisting of distributed
autonomous devices using sensors to monitor physical or
 environmental
Sensor conditions.
Getaway  IEEE 802.15.4 OR
Nodes Node 802.11(Protocol)
  ZigBee Technology ?
 Zigbee communication is specially built for control and sensor
networks on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal
area networks (WPANs).

End Point
Device

Routers

Coordinator
  ZigBee Applications
 PHILIPS Hue  Amazon Echo Plus

 Yale Smart Locks  Hogar MILO

  Companies Join ZigBee
 There are three
types of
membership:

Adopter

Participant

Promoter
  Zigbee Vs Z-Wave
 Though both technologies allow you to control multiple smart
home devices remotely.

 Zigbee is an Open  Z-Wave is an Closed system

technology