OUTLINE

The Philippine Civil Service

Public Service Ethics Public Service Values

Administrative Discipline
 The PHILIPPINE CIVIL ADMINISTRATIVE
SERVICE DISCIPLINE

• Coverage • Jurisdiction
• Categories of Positions • Procedural Flow
• Position Levels in the • Administrative Offenses
Career Service • Remedies
references

 Executive Order No. 292

 Republic Act No. 6713
 2017 Rules on Administrative Cases in
the Civil Service (RACCS)
 CSC Memorandum Circulars
The
PHILIPPINE
CIVIL
SERVICE
Men and women;

In all branches, subdivisions and

instrumentalities of the government

Who work to deliver basic services

Who perform varied duties and

responsibilities to keep the business of
government going
“Positions in the Civil Service shall
be classified into CAREER SERVICE
and
NON-CAREER
SERVICE.”
(Sec. 6[2], E.O. 292)
 Formerly called the COMPETITIVE SERVICE,
characterized by:
1. Open Career Positions;
2. Closed Career Positions;
3. Positions in the CES;
4. Career Officers other than those in the CES;
5. Commissioned Officers and Enlisted Men of the
Armed Forces;
6. GOCC Personnel; and
7. Permanent Laborers
 Elective officials and their personal or
confidential staff
 Secretaries and other officials of Cabinet rank

 Hold positions at the pleasure of the President

 Chairpersons and members of commissions and

boards
 With fixed terms of office
 3 rd
2 nd
Level
1 st
Level
Level
Includes Involve duties Supervisory or
clerical, requiring less non-
trades, crafts than four (4) supervisory
and custodial years of capacity
service collegiate
positions studies
Includes professional, Up to division
technical or scientific chief level
work

Supervisory or non-
supervisory capacity

Require at least four

(4) years of collegiate
studies
Entrance to 1st and 2nd level is
through competitive exam open
to those inside or outside
government who meet the
minimum requirements

Some 1st level positions require

only skills tests for entrance in
the government service not
measurable by paper-and-pencil
exam
Based on the Constitutional
mandate

Determined by competitive
examinations

Does not apply to

appointments to positions
which are policy
determining, primarily
confidential, or highly
technical
The Philippine Constitution
The CSC is tasked to ensure that appointments in the
government are made only according to merit and fitness
As far as practicable, to be determined by competitive
examinations
The CSC shall confer eligibilities required for entrance
into government service
The CSC shall ensure that only the best qualified are
employed
Open to all qualified Filipino citizens
Selection shall be made on the basis
of fitness to perform the duties and
assume the responsibilities of the
position
Under E.O. 292
 Citizens of the Philippines
 At least eighteen (18) years old at the
time of application
 At least 72 units in the collegiate level
for Sub-Professional Examination
 At least a holder of a degree for
Professional Examination
Pursuant to CSC Resolution No. 02-1355
“Effective January 2, 2003, applicants
for the Career Service Examinations,
Professional and Subprofessional
levels, regardless of educational
attainment, will be accepted.”
Eligibilities resulting from Bar/Board examinations requiring
completion of at least a bachelor’s degree (Sec. 75, 2017 ORA
OHRA)

Considered Appropriate to other Or those that require

appropriate to first and second special eligibilities or
positions for which level positions not licenses such as
the examinations covered by those under Cat. IV
were given bar/board/special or MC 11, s. 1996
laws
Eligibilities resulting from Bar/Board examinations requiring
completion of less than a bachelor’s degree (Sec. 76, 2017 ORA
OHRA)

Considered Appropriate to other Or those that require

appropriate to first level positions special eligibilities or
positions for which not covered by licenses such as
the examinations bar/board/special those under Cat. IV
were given laws or MC 11, s. 1996
Barangay Official Eligibility
 Appropriate for appointment to 1st level positions

 Except those that require special eligibilities or those

requiring licenses under Category IV of MC 11, s. 1996
NAPOLCOM Eligibility
 Appropriate only for appointment to uniformed personnel in
the PNP
 Does not confer a civil service eligibility

Police Officer Exam (by CSC)

 Considered a second level eligibility if taken during the
period July 1998 to November 2001 (CSC MC 16, s. 2000)
Shari’a Eligibility (Sec. 82)
 13th Shari’a Bar Exams held in January 2014 and
thereafter – grants eligibility appropriate for first and
second level positions, except those covered by
Bar/board laws

 Passing the Shari’a Bar Exams held prior to the 13th

Shari’a Bar Exams – grants eligibility appropriate for first
level positions
SKILLS Eligibilities
 Eligibilities earlier categorized under Category I of CSC MC
No. 11, s. 1996 – now re-categorized under Category II where
the required eligibility can be obtained by completion of 1 year
of Very Satisfactory actual performance

 TESDA Certificates issued upon completion of TESDA skills

training and/or passing TESDA skills tests conducted on 01
April 2013 and onwards shall be considered as training
qualification (CSC MC 10, s. 2013)
PASSING
GRADE
Exception
Examinations covered by
special laws
“Eligibilities resulting from civil service,
bar, and board examination shall be
effective on the date of the release of the
results of the examinations. These
eligibilities shall not prescribe.” (Sec. 8, Rule
III, Omnibus Rules Implementing Book V of EO 292)
Republic Act No. 6713
 DECLARATION OF POLICY
Promote a high standard of Accountable to the people
ethics in the public service at all times

Discharge their duties with Act with patriotism and

utmost responsibility, justice, lead modest lives
integrity, competence and and uphold public interest
loyalty over personal interest
NORMS OF CONDUCT
Commitment to
Professionalism
Public Interest

Justness and Sincerity Political Neutrality

Responsiveness to the
Nationalism and Patriotism
Public

Commitment to
Simple Living
Democracy
NORMS OF CONDUCT
Commitment to
Professionalism
Public Interest

Justness and Sincerity Political Neutrality

Responsiveness to the
Nationalism and Patriotism
Public

Commitment to
Simple Living
Democracy
NORMS OF CONDUCT
1 COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST
 Uphold public interest over personal interest
 Use resources efficiently, effectively, honestly and
economically
 Avoid wastage in public funds

Having the ability to look beyond selfish or

personal interest
Having a sense of justice and a
sense of outrage at its violation
NORMS OF CONDUCT
2 PROFESSIONALISM
 Perform duties with highest degree of excellence,
professionalism, intelligence and skill
 Enter public service with utmost devotion and dedication to duty
 Discourage wrong perceptions of role as dispenser or peddler of
undue patronage
NORMS OF CONDUCT
3 JUSTNESS AND SINCERITY
 No discrimination against anyone, especially the poor and
underprivileged
 Respect the rights of others
 Refrain from acts contrary to law, good morals, good customs,
public policy, order, safety and interest
 Not dispense or extend undue favors to relatives

4 POLITICAL NEUTRALITY
 Provide service to everyone
 Without unfair discrimination
 Regardless of party affiliation or preference
NORMS OF CONDUCT
5 RESPONSIVENESS TO THE PUBLIC
 Extend prompt, courteous and adequate service
 Provide info on policies and procedures in clear and
understandable language
 Ensure openness of info – public consultations
 Encourage suggestions
 Simplify and systematize policy/rules/procedures
 Avoid red tape

6 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

 Promote the use of locally-produced goods
 Encourage appreciation and pride of country/people
 Maintain and defend the Philippine sovereignty against
foreign intrusion
NORMS OF CONDUCT
7 COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY
 Commit to democratic way of life and values
 Maintain principle of public accountability
 Manifest by deeds the supremacy of civilian authority over the
military
 At all times, uphold the Constitution
 Put loyalty to country above loyalty to persons/parties

8 SIMPLE LIVING
 Lead modest lives appropriate to positions and income
 Not indulge in extravagant or ostentatious display of wealth
in any form
NORMS OF CONDUCT - Exercises

1 COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST

5 13 18
• Not using • Expose • Recycle
public office hazards to office
to pursue health in the supplies
personal community
interest
NORMS OF CONDUCT - Exercises

2 PROFESSIONALISM

12 17 20
• Possessing • Striving to • Valuing your
specialized produce job, willing to
knowledge excellent spend extra
about your outputs so hours
job that the
public may
be best
served
NORMS OF CONDUCT - Exercises

3 JUSTNESS AND SINCERITY

9 14 19
• Open- • Providing • Remaining
minded and service true to the
humble in without public at all
serving the discriminatio times
public n
NORMS OF CONDUCT - Exercises

4 POLITICAL NEUTRALITY

1 4
• Not using public office • Promote impartiality
to promote a political and objectivity in the
candidate face of political bias
and pressure
NORMS OF CONDUCT - Exercises

5 RESPONSIVENESS TO THE PUBLIC

6 10 16
• Serving the • “Mama- • Openness to
people mayan public
suggestions on
courteous-ly, muna, hindi the conduct and
promptly and mamaya na” processes of
adequately government
operations
NORMS OF CONDUCT - Exercises

6 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

3 7
• Having a sincere and • Active awareness,
deep feeling of the appreciation and being
true worth of the proud of the country
country
NORMS OF CONDUCT - Exercises

7 COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY

8 15
• Ensuring freedom, • Protecting the
justice and human independence of the
rights judiciary
NORMS OF CONDUCT - Exercises

8 SIMPLE LIVING

2 11
• Living within one’s • Avoiding expensive
means or income jewelry and
fashionable clothes
even if you can afford
them
Values in the Public Sector

Video Clip –
PHILIPPINE HEROES
Public Service Values

P PATRIOTISM

i INTEGRITY

e EXCELLENCE

s SPIRITUALITY
Values in the Public Sector

P PATRIOTISM

Bayang Magiliw??
i INTEGRITY

Lupang
e EXCELLENCE
Hinirang??
s SPIRITUALITY
Lupang Hinirang
Bayang magiliw
Perlas ng Silanganan
Alab ng puso
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay
Lupang hinirang
Duyan ka ng magiting
Sa manlulupig,
Di ka pasisiil
Sa dagat at bundok
Sa simoy at
Sa langit mong bughaw
May dilag ang tula
At awit sa paglayang minamahal
Ang kislap ng
watawat mo’y
Tagumpay na nagniningning
Ang bituin at araw niya
Kailan pa may di magdidilim
Lupa ng araw
Ng luwalhati’t pagsinta
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo.
Aming ligaya na pag
may mang-aapi
Ang mamatay nang
dahil sa iyo.
Lyrics from Sec. 41, Rule IV, IRR, RA 8491 or the
Philippine Flag Law
Values in the Public Sector

P PATRIOTISM

Self-Assessment
Values in the Public Sector
1 2 3 4
Takes pride in being a Filipino
Attends and participates actively and properly in
Philippine flag ceremonies
Observes all laws of the country
Carries out and supports government programs

Patronizes Filipino products and services

Willing to make a sacrifice for the good of the
country and fellow Filipinos
Note: 1 - Almost Never; 2 - Sometimes; 3 - Often; 4 - Almost Always
Values in the Public Sector

P PATRIOTISM

i INTEGRITY

e EXCELLENCE

s SPIRITUALITY
Values in the Public Sector

i INTEGRITY

 The quality of being honest and

fair
 Firm adherence to a code of
especially moral values
7:45 am
Arrive at the office and register in the bundy – but
meets friend/ officemate and does not proceed to
desk afterwards

8:15 am
Finally proceeds to desk but suddenly
remembered to have breakfast first
and then proceeds to the canteen to
check on available food
8:45 am
Finished breakfast and returns to desk; Retouches
make-up and fixes desk before actually starting to
work

9:00 am
Actual start of work
9:45 am
Goes back to canteen to check on snacks available

10:00 am
Takes snacks at the canteen and
again meets a few friends/officemates
10:30 am
Finishes snacks and returns to desk

11:15 am
Goes back to canteen to reserve food
for lunch
11:30 am
Returns to desk

12:00 nn
Goes to bundy to log-out and waits for
time to change to immediately log-in;
In the meantime, talking with
friends/officemates
12:15 pm
Goes to lunch along with friends

12:30 pm
Finishes lunch and returns to desk to
take a nap
1:15 pm
Wakes up from nap and retouches make-up

1:30 pm
Continues working at desk
2:45 pm
Takes coffee break with friends

3:15 pm
Finishes coffee and returns to desk
4:45 pm
Starts to line-up at bundy and waits until 5:00 pm

5:00 pm
Finally logs out and goes home
7:45-8:15 8:15-9:00 9:00-9:45
AM AM AM

At the bundy Having At desk

clock breakfast working

15 mins 45 mins 45 mins

9:45-10:30 10:30-11:15 11:15-11:30
AM AM AM

At desk At canteen
Takes snacks
working reserving lunch

45 mins 45 mins 15 mins

11:30-12:00 12:00-12:15 12:15-12:30
PM PM PM

At desk
At bundy Taking lunch
working

30 mins 15 mins 15 mins

12:30-1:15 1:15-1:30 1:30-2:45
PM PM PM

Retouches At desk
Taking a nap
make-up working

45 mins 15 mins 75 mins

2:45-3:15 3:15-4:45 4:45-5:00
PM PM PM

At desk Getting ready

Takes coffee
working to go home

30 mins 1.5 hrs 15 mins

Total number 4.5
of hours of hours
actual work
 Public Service Values

RA 3019 RA 9485 Panunumpa ng

• Anti-Graft and RA 6713 • Anti-Red Kawani ng
Corrupt • Code of Tape Act Gobyerno
Practices Act Conduct and
Ethical
Standards for
Public Officials
and Employees
Values in the Public Sector

i INTEGRITY

Panunumpa ng
Kawani ng Gobyerno
Panunumpa ng Kawani ng Gobyerno
Ako’y kawani ng gobyerno
Tungkulin ko ang maglingkod nang tapat at mahusay,
Dahil dito, Ako’y papasok nang maaga at
Magta-trabaho nang lampas sa takdang oras kung kinakailangan;
Magsisilbi ako nang magalang at mabilis sa lahat ng nangangailangan;
Pangangalagaan ko ang mga gamit,
Kasangkapan at iba pang pag-aari ng pamahalaan;
Magiging pantay at makatarungan ang pakikitungo ko
Sa mga lumalapit sa aming tanggapan;
Magsasalita ako laban sa katiwalian at pagsasamantala;
Hindi ko gagamitin ang aking panunungkulan Sa sarili kong kapakanan;
Hindi ako hihingi o tatanggap ng suhol;
Sisikapin kong madagdagan ang aking talino at kakayahan
Upang ang antas ng paglilingkod sa bayan ay patuloy na maitaas;
Sapagkat ako’y kawani ng gobyerno
At tungkulin ko ang maglingkod nang tapat at mahusay
Sa bayan ko at sa panahong ito;
Ako at ang aking mga kapwa kawani Ay kailangan tungo sa isang maunlad,
Masagana at mapayapang Pilipinas,
Sa harap ninyong lahat, Ako’y taos-pusong nanunumpa.
Values in the Public Sector

i INTEGRITY

Self-Assessment
Values in the Public Sector
1 2 3 4
Acts and behaves consistently whether alone or in
public
Uses time and other resources at work prudently

Tells the truth at all times

Refrains from accepting any kind of bribe
Does not partake in any anomaly
Reports all form of irregularities or anomalies
encountered to proper authorities
Note: 1 - Almost Never; 2 - Sometimes; 3 - Often; 4 - Almost Always
Values in the Public Sector

P PATRIOTISM

Extremely high quality

i INTEGRITY

e EXCELLENCE

s SPIRITUALITY
Values in the Public Sector
1 2 3 4
Determines and satisfies client needs and
expectations
Ensures quality work and services
Responds immediately and appropriately to client’s
needs
Finds fulfillment in delighting the customer
Pursues continuing education and capability
building
Practices continual performance improvements

Note: 1 - Almost Never; 2 - Sometimes; 3 - Often; 4 - Almost Always

Values in the Public Sector

P PATRIOTISM
The quality or state of
i INTEGRITY
being concerned with
religion or religious
matters
e EXCELLENCE

s SPIRITUALITY
Values in the Public Sector
1 2 3 4
Believes in an Almighty God, who is the source of
all creations
Seeks guidance and aid from God
Give thanks for all blessings
Seeks forgiveness and forgives others
Cares for and values others
Obeys God’s commandments
Note: 1 - Almost Never; 2 - Sometimes; 3 - Often; 4 - Almost Always
Public Service Values

P PATRIOTISM

i INTEGRITY

e EXCELLENCE

s SPIRITUALITY
 Activity – Airplane Challenge
Group Target Actual % Accomplished QC
 E MP L O Y E E
D I S C I PL I NE
EMPLOYEE DISCIPLINE

RATIONALE
 Based on the basic maxim that “Public office is a public
trust”

 The Constitution mandates that public officers and

employees shall at all times be accountable to the
people, serve with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty
and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice and lead
modest lives
EMPLOYEE DISCIPLINE

RATIONALE
 Government is a complex machinery made up of many
people

 There is a need for a number of controls on the

temperaments, interests and actions of these people and
administrative discipline is one of these controls
The power to hear and decide a case
May be established and described with
reference to particular subjects or to parties who
fall into a particular category
Jurisdiction over the subject matter
 Bestowed by law

Jurisdiction over the parties

 Acquired by the service of process on the person
complained of or by voluntary appearance before
the investigating officer or board
 Power to HEAR
 Power to DECIDE
 The hearing need not be done by the
deciding officer and may be delegated
 But the power to decide cannot be
delegated
ORIGINAL Jurisdiction to hear a matter in the first
instance
EXCLUSIVE Where a tribunal has the sole power to
adjudicate
APPELLATE The power vested in a superior tribunal
to correct legal errors of an inferior
tribunal and to revise the latter’s
judgment accordingly
CONCURRENT Equal jurisdiction – Exercised by
different tribunals at the same time,
over the same subject matter and
within the same territory

ORIGINAL- When another official or tribunal

CONCURRENT has the same authority, but the
assumption of one serves to bar
the other of the jurisdiction
A court/tribunal/agency that acts without
jurisdiction will render its entire
proceedings as
null and void
 CSC MANDATE
 The CSC is empowered to prescribe, amend and
enforce rules and regulations to effectively
carry out its mandate (Sec. 12[2], Chapter 3, Title I,
Subtitle A, Book V, EO 292)

 The CSC is tasked to hear and decide administrative

cases instituted by or brought before it directly or on
appeal (Sec. 12[11], Chapter 3, Title I, Subtitle A, Book V, EO
292)
 CSC AUTHORITY
The CSC shall have the final authority
to pass upon the removal, separation
and suspension of all appointive
officers and employees

Final authority to pass upon all matters

relating to the conduct, discipline and
efficiency of such appointive officers
and employees
 COMPLAINT Issue Order to
YES submit counter-
affidavit
Requirements:
• In writing
PRELIMINARY
• Under oath
INVESTIGATION (PI):
• With certificate of • Ex-parte exam of
non-forum shopping documents
• Submission of affidavits
• Summon parties
Prepare Decision/Order/
NO Recommendation to
dismiss complaint
NO
Prima facie case
Issue (PI Report)
Order of PDA to issue
PS Formal Charge
Set for with order to
hearing YES
submit Answer
administrative
offenses
Under the 2017 Rules on
Administrative Cases in the
Civil Service (RACCS)
CLASSIFICATION OF
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSES
LIGHT OFFENSES
 Those punishable by either Reprimand,
Suspension of 1-30 days or Dismissal
LESS GRAVE OFFENSES
 Those punishable by either Suspension of
1-6 months or Dismissal
GRAVE OFFENSES
 Those punishable by either Suspension of
6 months-1 year or Dismissal
DISCOURTESY IN THE COURSE OF
OFFICIAL DUTIES
1st Offense – REPRIMAND
2nd Offense – SUSPENSION 1-30 days
3rd Offense – DISMISSAL
• Defined as incivility; ill manners; rudeness of behavior or
language; any impolite act
• Even without using rude or impolite language, a person may still
be discourteous by the tone and manner the statements were
made (CSC Res. No. 98-2991, 16 Nov 1998)
FREQUENT UNAUTHORIZED
TARDINESS
1st Offense – REPRIMAND
2nd Offense – SUSPENSION 1-30 days
3rd Offense – DISMISSAL
• If the employee shall have incurred tardiness,
regardless of the number of minutes, ten (10) times a
month for at least two (2) months in a semester or at
least two (2) consecutive months during the year (CSC
Res. No. 97-0792, 28 Jan 1997)
WILLFUL FAILURE
TO PAY JUST DEBTS
1st Offense – REPRIMAND
2nd Offense – SUSPENSION 1-30 days
3rd Offense – DISMISSAL

• JUST DEBTS shall apply to:

1. Claims adjudicated by a court of law, OR
2. Claims the existence and justness of which are
admitted by the debtor
Violation of reasonable office rules
and regulations

Gambling prohibited by law

Refusal to render overtime service

Disgraceful, immoral or dishonest conduct prior to entering the

service

Borrowing money by superior officers from subordinates

Lending money at usurious interest rates

Engaging in private practice of profession

Unauthorized pursuit of private business or vocation

SIMPLE NEGLECT
OF DUTY
1st Offense – SUSPENSION 1 mo., 1 day to 6 mos.
2nd Offense – DISMISSAL
• Neglect of duty or non-feasance is the omission or
refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or
duty, which is a legal obligation to perform

• Neglect of duty is the failure to give due attention,

especially to the performance of a task or duty (CSC
Res. No. 97-3280, 07 Jul 1997)
SIMPLE
MISCONDUCT
1st Offense – SUSPENSION 1 mo., 1 day to 6 mos.
2nd Offense – DISMISSAL
• MISCONDUCT is any transgression of some established
and definite rule of action, a forbidden act, unlawful
behavior by a public officer in relation to his official duties
(CSC Res. No. 99-0192, 15 Jan 1999)

• Simple Misconduct is committed if the unlawful act has no

direct relation to and connected with the performance of
official duties (Jallorina vs. CSC, CA GR-SP 45642, 08 Sept 1998)
INSUBORDINATION

1st Offense – SUSPENSION 1 mo., 1 day to 6 mos.

2nd Offense – DISMISSAL

• The fact that the employee questions his

superior’s directive does not excuse him from
immediately complying with the lawful order
and his defiance shall make him guilty of
insubordination
(CSC Res. No. 00-1418, 14 Jun 2000)
HABITUAL
DRUNKENNESS
1st Offense – SUSPENSION 1 mo., 1 day to 6 mos.
2nd Offense – DISMISSAL

• Frequent and repeated intoxication by

excessive indulgence in intoxicating liquor
so as to acquire a fixed habit and an
involuntary tendency to become
intoxicated as often as the temptation is
presented, even though the person
remains sober for days or even weeks
(Black’s Law Dictionary, 5th Edition)
Gross Discourtesy in the Course of
Official Duties

Violation of Existing Civil Service Law and rules of a

serious nature

Unfair discrimination in rendering public service due to

party affiliation or preference

Failure to file the SALN

DISHONESTY
1st Offense – DISMISSAL

• Any act which shows lack of integrity or a disposition to

defraud, cheat, deceive or betray, consisting of an intent to
violate the truth (CSC Res. No. 97-1123, 04 Feb 1997)

• Any concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact

relevant to one’s office or connected with the performance
of duties (CSC Res. No. 97-0799, 28 Jan 1997)

• Connotes untrustworthiness and lack of integrity, a

disposition to lie, cheat, deceive or betray (CSC Res. No. 00-
0821, 28 Mar 2000)
GROSS NEGLECT
OF DUTY
1st Offense – DISMISSAL
• Negligence is want of care required by the
circumstances. It is a relative or comparative, not an
absolute, term and its application depends upon the
situation and the degree of care and vigilance required
under the circumstances (US vs. Juanillo, 23 Phil 212)

• Implies wanton negligence and open disregard of duties

and functions as exemplified by the failure of the
respondent to observe due diligence (CSC Res. No. 00-1453,
16 Jun 2000)
GRAVE
MISCONDUCT
1st Offense – DISMISSAL
• As distinguished from simple misconduct, in GRAVE
MISCONDUCT, the elements of corruption, clear intent to
violate the law or flagrant disregard of established rules,
must be manifest (Landrito vs. CSC, 223 SCRA 564)

• For misconduct to warrant removal from office, the unlawful

act must have a direct relation to and be connected with the
performance of official duties, amounting either to
maladministration or willful, intentional neglect and failure to
discharge the duties of the office (CSC Res. No. 98-0006, 13 Jan
1998)
FALSIFICATION
OF DOCUMENTS
1st Offense – DISMISSAL
• The misrepresentation of a thing, fact or condition,
certifying that a thing is true when it is not (U.S. vs.
Buenaventura, 01 Phil 433)

• It is immaterial whether the falsification of public document

caused damage to a third person or not because it is
controlled by other principles distinct from those applicable
to private documents (Ibid.)
DISGRACEFUL AND
IMMORAL CONDUCT
1st Offense – SUSPENSION – 6 months to 1 year
2nd Offense – DISMISSAL

• Conduct which is willful, flagrant or shameless and

which shows a moral indifference to the opinion of the
good and respectable community members (CSC Res.
No. 95-2125, 21 Mar 1995)
Thank you!