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Catalysis by Proximity
Acid-Base Catalysis
Catalysis by Strain
Covalent Catalysis
CATALYSIS OCCURS AT THE ACTIVE SITE
RELATIF
ABSOLUT
THREE POINT ATTACHMENT THEORY
PROSTHETIC GROUPS, COFACTORS & COENZYMES PLAY IMPORTANT
ROLES IN CATALYSIS
ORGANIC : COENZYMES
APOENZYME – COFACTOR
INORGANIC : METALS
HOLOENZYME
KOENZIM
I. PEMINDAHAN GUGUS BUKAN H+:
1. KoA
2. ASAM LIPOAT
3. TPP
4. B6 FOSFAT
5. FOLAT
6. BIOTIN
7. B12
UNMASKING
PROENZYME ENZYME
CONTOH:
H+/ PEPSIN
PEPSINOGEN PEPSIN
ENTEROKINASE / TRIPSIN
TRIPSINOGEN TRIPSIN
TRIPSIN
KIMOTRIPSINOGEN KIMOTRIPSIN
SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION
ENZYME CONCENTRATION
TEMPERATURE
pH
OTHERS: ACTIVATORS
INHIBITORS
OXIDATION/REDUCTION
RADIATION
Enzymes Decrease the Activation Energy
The progress curve for an enzymatic reaction in
which the substrate S is converted into products
An enzymecatalyzed
reaction reaches a maximal velocity
THE RATE OF CATALYSIS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
The concentration of uncombined enzyme [E] is
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
By substituting this expression for [ES] into equation 3:
(14)
(15)
(16)
The Michaelis-Menten Equation
vi
[E]
Temperature Dependency of Enzyme Activity
pH Dependency of Enzyme Activity
Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
ENZYME MODIFIERS
ORGANIC : COENZYMES
POSITIVE
INORGANIC: COFACTORS
ORGANIC : INHIBITORS
NEGATIVE
INORGANIC: Hg, Pb, Ag
INORGANIC MODIFIERS
METALS
INHIBITORS
1. COMPETITIVE INHIBITION
EI
+I
+S
ES E + P
2. NON COMPETITIVE INHIBITION
2.1 REVERSIBLE
EI
+I +S
E EIS EI + P
+S ES +I
E + P
2.2 IRREVERSIBLE
- TOXINS : iodoasetate
- OXIDATORS/REDUCTORS
- HEAVY METALS
Kinetics of Inhibition
Distinction Between a Competitive and a
Noncompetitive Inhibitor
Double-reciprocal or Lineweaver–Burk plot of 1/v vs 1/ [S]. The intercept
on the vertical axis gives 1/Vmax and the slope gives Km /Vmax. The
intercept on the horizontal axis equals –1/Km.
.
Kinetics of a Competitive Inhibitor
Effect of a Competitive Inhibitor
Kinetics of a Nonccompetitive Inhibitor
Non Competitive Inhibition
+ inhibitor
1/v
without inhibitor
-1/VM
-1/KM 1/[S]
ALLOSTERIC ENZYME
INHIBITOR
INHIBITOR
SISI ALLOSTERIK
PERUBAHAN
KONFORMASI
SISI AKTIF
SUBSTRAT
ENZIM
SUBSTRAT
Sites of Feedback Inhibition in a
Branched Biosynthetic Pathway
Multiple Feedback Inhibition
FUNGSI DIAGNOSTIK
FUNGSIONAL
ENZIM PLASMA/ CHE (3.1.1.8)
SERUM Lipase (3.1.1.3)
NON FUNGSIONAL
SEKRETORIK INTRASEL
Amilase (3.2.1.1) AST (2.6.1.1)
Lipase (3.1.1.3) ALT (2.6.1.2)
Principal serum enzymes used in clinical diagnosis.
Many of the enzymes are notspecific for the disease listed.