Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
E,
Lecturer,
Faculty of Nursing,
Sri Ramachandra University, Porur
Chest cavity
Soft tissues
Lungs
Heart
Great vessels
diaphragm
oesophagus
Bony areas
Ribs
Sternum
Clavicle
Tracheo broncheal
tree
Classification
Blunt injuries Penetrating injuries
Etiology
Motor vehicle
accidents
Fall from height
Violence
Iatrogenic
Mechanisms involved
Acceleration force
Deceleration force
Transmission of blunt internal force to
force to structures
Direct trauma
Compression
Chest trauma
Chest wall injuries Pneumothorax
Sternal fractures Hemothorax
Flail chest Mediastinal injuries
Pulmonary and cardiac injuries
pleural injuries Great vessel injuries
Traumatic asphyxia Diaphragmatic
Tracheo bronchial injuries
injuries Oesophageal injuries
From history (King Tut 1341 BC – 1323 BC)
Pulmonary injuries
Pneumothorax
Collection of air
in the space
between the
parietal and
visceral pleura
Tension pneumothorax
An expanding collection of intra pleural air
without communication with external
environment
Clinical manifestations
Distended neck veins
Hypotension/hypoperfusion
Absent breath sounds on affected side
Tracheal deviation to contra lateral side
Management
Immediate needle aspiration
14 gauge IV needle of length more than 4.5
cm and catheter into pleural space through
chest wall in MCL at second intercostal
space(temporary measure)
Large bore chest tube thoracostomy
Open pneumothorax
(sucking chest wound)
A communication between the pleural
space and surrounding atmospheric
pressure
Respiration is the function of negative
pressure inside the thoracic cavity ,
positive atmospheric pressure and
elastic recoil of lungs
Pneumothorax
Clinical manifestations
•Air entry and breath sounds
diminished in the affected side
•Impaired chest wall motion
Pathophysiology
Negative intrapleural pressure during
inspiration
Hypoxemia