Aakriti Gupta

Mr Pradeep Mani Tripathi

1316531001
Assistant Professor
ECE Depatment
 CONTENTS
1) Introduction
2) History
3) What is Avionics?
4) Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting
System
5) Frequency Bands
6) Transmitters
7) Receivers
8) Antenna
9) VHF and HF
10)Brief on Communication systems studied in Training.
 *
*Communication system involves comm between aircrafts and
other aircraft and with the ground.
*For obvious reasons pilots can not use sound as a medium during
the flight to interact with other pilots !

*So we need a specialized system which can play an efficient role

of transmitting important data( voice, signals) and simultaneously
maintaining a good quality transmission.

*It can be said that safe aircraft operation is dependent to a large

extent upon satisfactory performance of communication system

*Radios are employed for fulfilling the purpose

* The First World War brought about an urgent need for communications. Voice
communications from ground-to-air and from aircraft to aircraft were
established.

* In the 1930s, the first all radio-controlled blind-landing was accomplished. By

the end of the decade, use of high frequency radio waves was explored and
included the advent of high-frequency radar.

* World War II injected urgency into the development of aircraft radio

communication and navigation. Communication radios, despite their size, were
essential on board aircraft. Very high frequencies were developed for
communication and navigational purposes.
 * What is AVIONICS?

The onboard electronics used for piloting an aircraft are called avionics (AVI-ation
electr-ONICS). Avionics include communications and navigation systems, autopilots,
and electronic flight management systems (FMS). Onboard electronics that are
unrelated to piloting tasks, such as video systems for passengers, are sometimes
considered avionics as well. Many of these devices include embedded computers

Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System:

In an effort to reduce crew workload and improve data integrity, the engineering department
at ARINC introduced the ACARS system in July 1978, as essentially an automated time clock
system. Teledyne Controls produced the avionics and the launch customer was Piedmont Airlines. The
original expansion of the abbreviation was "Arinc Communications Addressing and Reporting
System”.
*

System description and functions:

ACARS as a term refers to the complete air and ground system, consisting
of equipment on board, equipment on the ground, and a service provider.

On-board ACARS equipment consists of end systems with a router, which

routes messages through the air ground subnetwork.

Ground equipment is made up of a network of radio transceivers managed

by a central site computer called AFEPS (Arinc Front End Processor
System), which handles and routes messages.

Generally, ground ACARS units are either government agencies such as

the Federal Aviation Administration, an airline operations headquarters,
or, for small airlines or general aviation, a third-party subscription service.
Usually government agencies are responsible for clearances, while airline
operations handle gate assignments, maintenance, and passenger needs.
 *Frequency Band
* The Radio Frequencies are being used in various field, amongst
them include :
* FM Radio Broadcast
* Television Broadcast
* Land Mobile Stations (Emergency, Business, and Military)
* Amateur Radio
* Marine Communications
* AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS
* AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
* AIR NAVIGATION SYSTEMS (e.g.VOR/DME,NDB)
*The use of the various Radio Frequencies all over the World is
allocated by ITU (International Telecommunications Union)

*The radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

extends from 30 kHz (kilohertz) to 30,000 MHz (Megahertz).

*For the sake of convenience, this spectrum is divided into

frequency bands
 *
* Transmitters may be considered as a generator which changes electrical power
into radio waves.

* It basically performs these functions:

i) Generate RF ( radio frequency) signal
ii) Amplify the RF signal
iii) Provide a means of placing intelligence on the signal
A typical transmitter
 *
oOscillator circuit to generate RF signal
oAmplifier circuit to increase the output of the oscillator to the required power level
oModulator to add voice (audio) intelligence to the RF signal. Modulation can be
further done in two ways ,(a) Amplitude Modulation (AM) and, (b) Frequency
Modulation (FM)
Basic Radio Transmitter
 *
* Just opposite to transmitters, receivers
i) Select the desired radio frequency signals
ii) Amplifies the generated small a.c. voltage
iii) Convert the intelligence contained on these signals into a usable form
with the help of demodulator. Demodulator which is used for AM signals
is called detector, while the one which is used for FM waves is called
discriminator.
Basic Receiver
 *
* An antenna is a special type of electrical circuit designed to radiate and
receive electromagnetic energy.
* As mentioned earlier, a transmitting antenna is a conductor which
radiates EM waves when a radio frequency is passed through it, while
receiving antenna intercepts the EM waves that are present in the air.
* They come in various size and shapes depending upon the frequency to
be transmitted.
* Generally for aircraft application, same antenna is used for both
transmission and reception of signals.
 Types of antenna
Array Antenna Reflector antenna

Aperture antennas
 *Antenna on Aircraft

* Type and size of antenna varies with the different types of aircraft.
* The location of antenna depends on the design of aircraft.
BRIEF ON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS STUDIED DURING THE TRAINING:

DIGITAL VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (DVCS 6100):

The DVCS 6100 controls the output of the communications and navigation receivers into the
flight crew & cabin crew headsets and the output of the flight crew & cabin crew mph into
the comm transmitters.
Audio Control Unit (ACU6101-1-(0320)):
Audio control units consist of a illumination board, rotary board, 2 x volume boards, processor
board and connector board.
The Audio control unit permits operation in the following modes: transmit operation, receive
operation, IC operation, passenger address operation and voice controlled intercom (IC hot
mic) operation.

Remote Electronic Unit (REU 6100-3-(110)):

The audio signals from the connected Comm and Nav systems are combined in the REU and
distributed to the ACU PLT, COPLT and OPER via dual digital CAN BUS.
ARC-210 V/UHF COM system of M/s Collins:

The ARC-210 VHF/UHF Multimode Radio, referred to as radio system, In both design and
performance, the radio system meets the heightened communications requirements in the
modern and fast-moving tactical environment. The radio system provides effective and
reliable communication.
The ARC 210 V/UHF system consists of the following main components:
Receiver-Transmitter 629F-23
Remote Control Unit 379F-21
V/UHF Antenna (S65-8282-512)

REMOTE CONTROL UNIT (329F-21):

The remote control unit (RCU) will provide control and monitoring of the receiver-
transmitter (RT) via the RS-485 data bus. The RCU provides frequency (VHF /UHF), mode,
and information to the RT as well as providing a monitoring function to report the status of
the radio set operation.
DESCRIPTION OF NUMBERS:
CONTROL/INDICATOR FUNCTION
1. Brightness /Squelch off Push-Pull Switch
2. Channel Frequency/ Net /Time Display
3. Channel/ Frequency Cursor Pushbutton Rotary Switch
4. Load /Offset Push-Button Switch
5. Frequency Mode Selector
6. Menu Pointer Push-Button Switch
7. Menu Cursor Push-Button Switch
8. Operational Mode Selector
AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER (ADF-60):

The ADF system provides aural reception of signals received from a selected NDB (non
directional beacon) ground station, and indicates the airplane's relative bearing to that
station.
The ADF system consists of the following main components:
Receiver (ADF 60A)
Loop/sense antenna
Control unit
Control adapter

Main Instrument Panel (MIP) and Central Pedestal of DO-

228 aircraft
THANK YOU!!!!!!!!

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