ANNEALING

HEAT TREATMENT

MOHIT KUMAR
USN-1SI17ME059
 HEAT TREATMENT
Heat treatment is one of many processes used in metallurgy, with the intention of altering final
properties by altering the microstructure.

Purpose of heat treatment:-

Produce hard and strengthier material.
Improve mechanical properties.
Increase resistance to wear ,abrasion and corrosion.

Different kinds of heat treatment processes are:-

Annealing, Normalising, Hardening, Tempering
Austempering, Martempering.
 ANNEALING
This Heat Treatment process involves heating the metal above the transformation
temperature and cooling it slowly to room temp.
It is performed to reduce hardness and allow machining on hardened steels.

General steps are as follow:-

Heating metal uniformly at 900 deg. For
complete transformation into Austenite.
Holding at that temp. for some time.
Cooling at a rate not to exceed 40-60 deg.
cel. per hour upto 300 deg.
Then air cooling.
 PROCESS ANNEALING
In this process the metal (c<0.3%) is heated to a temp. little below its critical temp. and hold at that
temp. for some time.
It is then cooled very slowly so that pearlite structure will be formed.

Properties obtained are:-

Relieves internal stess, reduces hardness and improves ductility
 SPHEROIDIZE ANNEALING
This process is generally applied on High Carbon Steel.
In this process the metal is heated to around 680 deg, and hold at that temp. for a long time.
During this process the cementite structure Fe3C converts to graphite nodules which looks like a
spheroid.

Properties obtained are:-

Decrease in strength,and hardness
Increase in ductility.

This process is costlier and time consuming

 DIFFUSION ANNEALING
It is carried out on large castings to eliminate dendritic segregation and make the grains
homogenous.
It involves heating the metal to above transformation temp. for longer duration usually 10-12
hours.
Then it is cooled at a very faster rate so that fine pearlite structure will be obtained.

Properties obtained are:-

Segregated grains are eliminated.
Homogenous steel is obtained.
ANNEALING ON NON-FERROUS
METALS
It involves heating metal above transformation temp. and cooling it slowly to room temp.

This process involves:-

Heating above 900 deg. And holding at that temp. for some time.
Slow cooling rate not to exceed 40-60 deg per hour.

Different properties obtained a

Removes residual stress
Improves machinability.
Refines and homogenous the structure
Improves electical and magnetic properties.
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