Based on book -Design for People by Henry Dreyfuss

TELEPHONE
Bhushan M
Devi Prasad A Hegde
 Based on book -Design for People by Henry Dreyfuss

TELEPHONE
Bhushan M
Devi Prasad A Hegde
Introduction of telephone
• Antonio meucci invented basic telephone in 1849.
• Alexander Graham Bell won the patent of telephone in US in
1876.
• Bell laboratories was named after his last name.
• He came to the U.S as a teacher of the deaf This led him to
invent the microphone and later the "electrical speech
machine" -- his name for the first telephone.
Telephone evolution through
years
 Liquid Transmitter
telephone
The operating principle of a liquid transmitter is quite
simple.
A wire attached to the bottom of a parchment
diaphragm is adjusted so that it just barely makes
contact with the water, which is made electrically
conductive with a small amount of acid.
Gower telephone
No
Strowger telephone

In order to give subscribers total control over their calls,

Strowger invented the automatic telephone exchange thereby
eliminating the need for an operator intervention in local calls.
Here the speaker had to place his mouth near the microphone
while he could use the speaker near his ears.

In order to give subscribers total control over their calls,

Strowger invented the automatic telephone exchange thereby
eliminating the need for an operator intervention in local calls.
Here the speaker had to place his mouth near the microphone
while he could use the speaker near his ears.
Western 500 telephone
• The design of this telephone has been attributed to
Marcel Breuer (1902 – 81)
• The telephone design fulfils the modernist-
functionalist criteria demanded by the project.
• It uses a mixture of materials, with the body in black
lacquered sheet brass and a substantial bakelite
handset extending significantly wider than the body.
• The rotary dial presents a strong design element,
residing neatly in the middle of the square-faced base.
Anthropometry involved
telephone design

Placement of telephone depends on design for

which study of anthropometry is required.
Bell system collected the data of over 2000
faces to determine the average spacing between
mouth and ear.
For the above purpose there is a critical
consideration to arm , wrist , fingers and motion
in dial operation.
ferentent kinds of hand grip was
consideredTriangle shape , square , a thin
rectangle and many other....
 Failure of early
telephone
Early design of the housing were
unsatisfactory for many reasons
• Too high, appearing taller than model.
• Cradle prongs took away the sleekness
of the model
• Average spacing between mouth and
ear was not right
• There was no proper study of human
anthropometry
• It caused neck pains due to long usage
 Conclusio
• The type of consumer should be taken in
account. n
• Should understand who is using the model.
• Should study about the consumer.
• Should understand what purpose it serves
• Should always try to make it simpler to use.
• Thus the above and many factors have to be
taken in account for a design to function
successfully
 SOURCES

• https://www.telephonecollecting.org/Bobs%20pho
nes/Pages/GowerBell/GowerBellHistory.htm
• https://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/liquid2.h
tml
• Design for people by Henry Dreyfus
• http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2013/10/03/
strowger_switch_the_19th_century_design_inventio
n_that_flipped_the_phone.html
• https://www.designbyccd.com/henry-dreyfuss/
Thank You