Scribd Logo
Încărcați

Bine ați venit la Scribd!

  • Chemistry FORM 4

    Încărcat de

    danissha
    72 vizualizări12 pagini
    This document discusses chemical bonds, including ionic and covalent bonds. [1] Ionic bonds form when metals donate electrons to non-metals, creating positively charged cations and negatively charged anions that are attracted in an ionic compound. [2] Covalent bonds form when nonmetals share electrons, creating covalent molecules held by weak intermolecular forces. [3] Ionic compounds have high melting points and conduct electricity when molten or dissolved, while covalent compounds have lower melting points and do not conduct electricity.

    Descriere originală:

    CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BONDS

    Drepturi de autor

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formate disponibile

    PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd

    Vi se pare util acest document?

    Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

    Raportați acest document
    This document discusses chemical bonds, including ionic and covalent bonds. [1] Ionic bonds form when metals donate electrons to non-metals, creating positively charged cations and negatively charged anions that are attracted in an ionic compound. [2] Covalent bonds form when nonmetals share electrons, creating covalent molecules held by weak intermolecular forces. [3] Ionic compounds have high melting points and conduct electricity when molten or dissolved, while covalent compounds have lower melting points and do not conduct electricity.

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    72 vizualizări12 pagini

    Chemistry FORM 4

    Încărcat de

    danissha
    This document discusses chemical bonds, including ionic and covalent bonds. [1] Ionic bonds form when metals donate electrons to non-metals, creating positively charged cations and negatively charged anions that are attracted in an ionic compound. [2] Covalent bonds form when nonmetals share electrons, creating covalent molecules held by weak intermolecular forces. [3] Ionic compounds have high melting points and conduct electricity when molten or dissolved, while covalent compounds have lower melting points and do not conduct electricity.

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 12

    CHAPTER 5 :

    CHEMICAL BONDS

    1
    CHEMICAL BONDS

    IONIC BONDING/ IKATAN ION

     Ionic
    compound - Chemical compound formed
    by transfer of valence electrons from
    metal atom to non-metal atom.

     Ionic
    bond - A strong bond formed when
    positive ions and negative ions are
    attracted by the electrostatic forces.
    THE FORMATION OF IONS

    When an atom releases or accepts electrons, it


    becomes a charged particle called an ion.

    An atom that accepts electrons forms a negative ion


    called anion.

    An atom that donates electrons forms a positive ion


    called cation.
    ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS
    FOR THE IONS FORMED

    Magnesium atom Magnesium ion

    donates 2 electrons 2+
    Mg
    Mg

    2.8.2 2.8
    ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS
    FOR THE IONS FORMED

    Chlorine atom Chloride ion

    accepts 1 electron
    -
    Cl
    + Cl

    2.8.7 2.8.8
    ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT TO
    FORM IONS

    Chlorine atom Chloride ion

    Receives 1 electron
    -
    Cl
    + Cl

    2.8.7 2.8.8

    6
    Formation of Ionic Bond
    The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl)
    Sodium atom releases one electron to achieve the stable octet
    electron arrangements.
    Chlorine atom accepts one electron from the sodium atom to
    achieve stable octet electron arrangement.
    The ions are held together by a strong electrostatic force between
    the oppositely-charged ions.

    + -
    Na Cl Na Cl

    Sodium atom, Na Chlorine atom, Cl Sodium ion, Chlorides ion,


    2.8.1 2.8.7 2.8 2.8.8
    FORMATION OF IONIC BOND
    Example : Magnesium Chloride, MgCl2

    Cl Cl
    Mg

    Cl Mg Cl
    EXAMPLE OF IONIC COMPOUND IN NATURE

    Table salt ( NaCl ) Baking powder


    ( NaHCO3 )

    Sea shell ( CaCO3 )


    COVALENT BONDING

     Covalentcompound - Chemical compound


    formed by sharing of valence electrons
    between a non-metal with a non-metal
    atoms

     Covalentmolecules are held by weak inter-


    molecular forces / van der Waals' forces.
    TYPES OF COVALENT BOND

    There are 3 types of covalent bond:


    a)Single bond b)double bond c)triple bond

    H2 O2 N2
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IONIC AND
    COVALENT COMPOUNDS
    Ionic Compound Covalent Compound

    High melting and boiling points Low melting and boiling points
    -Stronger attraction forces between the -Weak intermolecular forces
    ions /van der Waal’s forces between the
    -more heat energy required to molecules
    overcome the attraction forces - Less heat energy required to
    overcome the weak intermolecular
    forces
    Conduct electricity in molten and Does not conduct electricity
    aqueous solution - consists of molecules
    - Contains freely moving ions in - do not have freely moving ions.
    molten / aqueous state only
    Soluble in water but insoluble in Insoluble in water but soluble in
    organic solvents organic solvents

    S-ar putea să vă placă și