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TRIANGLES
Why should we learn about Trigonometry?
18 16
12 ?
? 25°
45°
14 11 19 23
55°
• The three ‘trig functions’:
(Sine, Cosine, and Tangent)
only apply to RIGHT
triangles
18”
12”
?
Since you know two sides of a right triangle, and you want to
figure out the third side, you use …
Pythagorean Theorem
Which of the three applications is to be used depends on what
measurements of a triangle are known:
25°
16”
?
Trig functions
Since you know three pieces of information ( one is that it is a
right triangle)
Which of the three applications is to be used depends on what
measurements of a triangle are known:
14”
11”
55°
Law of Sines
Since you know one opposite side / angle pair and something else
Which of the three applications is to be used depends on what
measurements of a triangle are known:
115°
19” 23”
Law of Cosines
Since you know a ‘complete corner’ : two sides and the
included angle
Which of the three applications is to be used depends on what
measurements of a triangle are known:
xº
19” 23”
28”
Law of Cosines
Since you know three sides and you are trying to find an angle.
The Three Trig functions
• The three 'trig functions' (sine,
cosine, and tangent) are things that
are done to ANGLES, not SIDES.
The important angle of the problem is
called THETA, Θ.
hypotenuse
opposite
Θ
adjacent
Naming the sides of a right triangle
1) Locate the viewpoint, Θ
2) Locate the hypotenuse
3) Locate the adjacent side and the opposite side
Θ
hypotenuse
adjacent
opposite
Naming the sides of a right triangle
1) Locate the viewpoint, Θ
2) Locate the hypotenuse
3) Locate the adjacent side and the opposite side
Hypotenuse,…
or opposite ?
adjacent
Θ
Opposite,… or another adjacent ?
20 ”
12 ”
36.87 º
Θ
16 ”
20 ” 12 ”
36.87 º
Θ
16 ”
20 ”
12 ”
36.87 º
Θ
16 ”
x
3) Sin Ө = opp/
hyp 22.092”
4) Sin 67º = x / 24
6) (24) (0.9205) = x
5) 0.9205 = x / 24 7) (24) (0.9205) = 22.092
How can you determine the measure of angle x ?
1) From the viewpoint of the angle x, the 18” side is the adjacent side,
and the 24” side is the hypotenuse.
2) The trig function that relates the adjacent
side and the hypotenuse is the cosine
24”
Ө x 41.4 º
3) Cos Ө = adj/
hyp 18”
4) Cos x º = 18/
24
6) What angle has a cosine = 0.7500 ?
5) Cos x º = 0.7500 7) Cos-1 (0.7500) = 41.40 º
To ‘solve a triangle’ using the three trig functions,
165'
20°
The question: how long is this side ?
Answer: tan Ө = opp/adj adj = opp/tan Ө
= 165' / tan 20° = 165' / .364 = 453 feet
THE BOAT IS ABOUT 453 FEET FROM THE SHORE.
In professional football, a net is
raised in front of the bleachers
before a field goal or extra point is
attempted. The net is hung 25 yards
from the end of the end zone.
A groundskeeper on the 30-yard line
sights the top of the net at a 42
degree angle with the ground.
How high is the top of the net?
In professional football, a net is raised in front of the bleachers before a field goal or extra point is
attempted. The net is hung 25 yards from the end of the end zone. A groundskeeper on the 30-yard
line sights the top of the net at a 42 degree angle with the ground. How high is the top of the net?
42°
65 yards =
25 +10 +30 yards
In professional football, a net is raised in front of the bleachers before a field goal or extra point is attempted. The net is hung 25 yards
from the end of the end zone. A groundskeeper on the 30-yard line sights the top of the net at a 42 degree angle with the ground. How
high is the top of the net?
42° 65 yards